The magnitude of the linear trends is estimated using the Sen's slope estimator and Mann-Kendall's test is performed to check the statistical significance of the trends. Both duration and amount ofrainfall decreases as we move from southwest to north and eastwards. This is particularly the case for the local community, whose economy is susceptible to variability and the erratic nature of rainfall and water shortage; recurrent drought is a common phenomenon. During this period,the Northeast Trade Winds carrying non-moisture-laden dominates the region. The elevation ranges from 2,747 to 3,674 m a.s.l. In addition, using improved fuel saving stoves and creating alternative sources of income such as beehive activities and other off-farm income will help communities adapt. During this season, the south easterliesfrom Indian ocean showers the lowlands in southeastern part of Ethiopia.iii. 2008; Subash et al. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Therefore, community-based soil and water conservation practices help the communities to diversify their livelihood activities. This global warming (increase in surface temperature) may influence the long-term precipitation pattern; in addition, an increase in frequency and intensity of weather shock has led to an increase in sea level (Barnett et al. The percentage changes of mean annual temperature were found to be at maximum change for SD station (31.30%) and at minimum change for DB station (7.60%). Months in summer gainhighest rainfall whereas the winter months receive the reduced amount. The northeasterly winds crossing the Red Seacarry very little moisture and supplies rain only to the Afar lowlands and the Red Sea coastalareas.iv. During this season, Northeasterly windsoriginating from the landmass of Asia dominantly prevail Ethiopian landmass. Time series of all MMA precipitation indices exhibit significant increasing trends over the 19012099 period. 3.1 Spatial distribution of rainfall in Ethiopia. Therefore, correlation between monthly, seasonal rainfall and crop production are insufficient to conclude the impact of variability of rainfall and temperature on crop production. Despite the importance of soil moisture, studies on soil moisture characteristics in Ethiopia are less documented. For instance, unlikeother parts of Ethiopia, the southern and southwestern highlands experience reducedtemperature. With respect to the statistically significant level, only barley and wheat crops are significantly related to belg and kiremit rainfall. **10% level of significance. Topographic map of the Ziway Lake Basin. Registration confirmation will be emailed to you. Rainfall registered annually shows weak correlation with crop production. The annual minimum temperature had a significantly increasing trend with the value varying from 0.005 C/year and 1.90% in GIN station to 0.12 C/year and 52.40% in the DBS station. 2011; Pachauri et al. The Sen's slope estimator was employed after Mann-Kendal test statistics in order to determine the change and variability of rainfall and temperature trends through time series. The minimum temperatures increased at a higher rate than the maximum temperatures during winter, summer, autumn and also at the annual timescale. The kiremit season's annual rainfall for the study area was 85% and the belg season also had a considerable share of the total annual rainfall contribution; however, there was fluctuation over the years. 1.1. Water Resources: Rivers, Lakes and Sub-Surface Water, 4.4. Trends are biased positive in the interior western US, so that strong RH decreases are changed to weak decreases, and weak decreases are changed to increases. In Ethiopia, as in allplaces in the tropics, the air is frost free and changes in solar angles are small making intensesolar radiation. 2015). Therefore, the interannual rainfall distribution was very erratic. Notably, there is a significant increase in the maximum number of consecutive dry days and significant decreases in the number of days with at least 1 and 10 mm of precipitation. The focus of this study is to investigate the spatiotemporal variability and trends in rainfall and temperature in Alwero watershed in the western part of Ethiopia using a dense network of 4 4 km gridded data (558 points) reconstructed from weather stations and meteorological satellite records which spatially covers the watershed. In the observations, warm spell duration, warm day-, and warm night frequencies exhibit statistically significant positive trends. Mean annual minimum and maximum temperatures increased from 12.69 to 13.32 C and 26.43 to 26.91 C from 1981 to 2010, respectively. Discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in Ethiopia. 2014). The incidence of negative anomalies occurred during the 1980s and 1990s (14 from 16 years rainfall). The CMIP5 datasets were statistically downscaled by using the climate model data for hydrologic modeling (CMhyd) tool and bias corrected using the distribution mapping method available in the CMhyd tool. DB, DebreBerhan; DBS, DebreSina; SH, Sheno; GIN, Ginager; ENW, Enewari; HG, Hagere Mariam; SD, Sendafa. A climate impact study in the Upper Blue Nile, North American Climate in CMIP5 Experiments. Over the past decades, the minimum and maximum average temperature of Ethiopia have increased by about 0.25 and 0.1 C, respectively. Spatiotemporal Patterns and Distribution of Temperature and Rainfall in Ethiopia, 5.5. Warning: file(roboty.txt): failed to open stream: No such file or directory in /home/kmichalski/domains/mikatextiles.com/public_html/ustawienia/init.php on line 0 . The annual average temperature of the area is 19.7 C. (2014), it was concluded that a general tendency of increasing warm temperature, extreme variability and inconsistent precipitation trend was recorded in Ethiopia. Therefore, the projected rainfall and temperature have been corrected for biases by using empirical Quantile Mapping. As the shift takesplace, equatorial westerlies from the south and southwest invade most parts of Ethiopia bringingmoist winds.However, these winds decrease the length of rainy seasons and magnitudes on the line of theshift. Therefore, soil management practice is one of the most important mechanisms for climate change adaptation strategies because crops grown on fertile soils with a deeper soil profile and structure can store extra moisture and enable access to sufficient amounts of water. The annual minimum and maximum rainfall is 698.5 and 1083.3 mm, respectively. The intensity and trend of climatic variability of the study watershed during the last decades matches with the country- and global-level conditions; it is a cause for drastic changes in various hydrological parameters (i.e. This study assessed the historical (19832005) and future (20262100) rainfall, maximum temperature (Tmax), and minimum temperature (Tmin) trends of the Ziway Lake Basin (Ethiopia). Fluctuating productivity and hence food insecurity for the area is due to long-term variability in the annual and seasonal rainfall. As presented in Table3, the Sen's slope estimator indicates an upward trend in four stations and a downward trend in three stations for annual rainfall. Figure5 shows the spatiotemporal distribution of mean annual, minimum and maximum temperatures of the Beressa watershed. Therefore, depending on the historical trend of rainfall variability and prolonged temperature increase, appropriate coping and adaptation strategies need to be encouraged. 2001; Kurukulasuriya & Mendelsohn 2008). During the years 1985 and 1986 the rainfall was recorded as being slightly above the mean. The average rainfallvaries from less than 500 to 1,000 mm.iv. The aim of the study was to examine the spatiotemporal variability and trends of rainfall and temperature in the northeast highlands of Ethiopia. 2005). However, studies focusing on Zambia are still limited and future climate variability is poorly understood. ABSTRACT: Extreme precipitation exerts damaging impacts on both society and ecosystems. In Ethiopia, the spatial distribution of rainfall and temperature varies widely (Regassa et al. 2016). Here, the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation over Zambia are analysed for the period 20212100 using an ensemble of 5 CMIP5 models from those recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). On the other hand, the surface temperature has significantly increased. The positive values shows the upward trends while, the negative values indicates decreasing trends. Following the directness of the Sun inMarch and September around the equator, the ITCZ shifts towards equator. Because of the rainfall-dependent farming practice, farmers are always worried about the duration and intensity of rainfall. Kiremit season rainfall revealed a significantly increasing trend of about 1.62 mm/year and 31.79% at DB station and the magnitude of significantly decreasing trend was 0.90 mm/year and 16.20% at SD station. The most common types of soil are Cambisols (locally called Abolse), Vertisols (Merere), Andosols, Fluvisols and Regosols. The value of the fixed subset is hence moved forward, in order to create a number of new subsets, known as average. Such studies ignored the localized trends of rainfall and temperature, particularly in most highlands of Ethiopia. It is a rainfall region in the southwestern partof the country. 2014; Mondal et al. The possible reason may be monthly, sub-monthly time scale, temporal and spatial distribution of rainfall and temperature, which are determinant factors of production. 1982; Burn & Elnur 2002; Yue et al. The annual rainfall distribution is also variable in time and space. Future trends are assessed using the ensemble mean of eight regional climate model data under two emission scenarios, provided by the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX). For example, months from March to June in Ethiopiahave records of highest temperatures. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. In order to determine the variability, heterogeneity and concentration of rainfall in time and space, the PCI was employed. Tesfa Worku, Deepak Khare, S. K. Tripathi; Spatiotemporal trend analysis of rainfall and temperature, and its implications for crop production. The farming system is characterized by traditional, rainfed, labour-intensive and subsistence-oriented or hand to mouth systems. Therefore, clear information about the annual and seasonal rainfall distribution is highly important for policy planners and local users. 2013; Irannezhad et al. However, there is a slight temperature increase in summer. The principal sources of uncertainty for the indicators and modelling results are discussed and, where appropriate, reflected in the assessments. Assessing the long-term spatiotemporal rainfall distribution pattern is the most significant component in the climate analysis of a given country, more specifically at the local and regional levels where the effect of climate change is worse. Besides the high level of temperature variability, the overall average temperature of the area has significantly increased throughout the years. Gridded rainfall and temperature data were gathered from CenTrends Great Horn of Africa v1 and CRU . Crop production showed high correlation with belg and kiremit rainfall; only annual rainfall and barley crops showed stronger correlation. pieces of evidence indicated that a detailed study of the spatial and temporal characteristics of rainfall and temperature are very important for agricultural/urban planning (mehmet, 2015 ), flood frequency analysis, water resources assessments, assessing and understanding climate change impacts, and other environmental assessments (alemu, 2019; To determine the weighting the following general formula was employed (, Adapting to Climate Change: Natural Resource Management and Vulnerability Reduction, Background paper to the Task Force on Climate Change, Adaptation and Vulnerable Communities, Coping with drought among pastoral and agro-pastoral communities in eastern Ethiopia, Climate change adaptation strategies in Sub-Saharan Africa: foundations for the future, Climate Change-Realities, Impacts Over Ice Cap, Sea Level and Risks, Beyond the Famine: an Examination of the Issues Behind Famine in Ethiopia, International Institute for Relief and Development and Food for the Hungry International, Trend and variability of rainfall in Tigray, northern Ethiopia: analysis of meteorological data and farmers perception, Trending regional precipitation distribution and intensity: use of climatic indices, Trend analysis of rainfall and temperature data for India, Crop switching as a strategy for adapting to climate change, Annual rainfall and potential evapotranspiration in Ethiopia, Climate Change and Adaptation Options in Karamoja, Centennial rainfall variation in semi arid and tropical humid environments in the cardamom hill slopes, southern Western Ghats, India, Micro-level Analysis of Farmers Adaption to Climate Change in Southern Africa, International Food Policy Research Institute, Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. From March to June in Ethiopiahave records of highest temperatures and also at annual. Of Asia dominantly prevail Ethiopian landmass soil are Cambisols ( locally called Abolse ), Vertisols ( Merere,! Deepak Khare, S. K. Tripathi ; spatiotemporal trend analysis of rainfall variability and prolonged temperature,... Have increased by about 0.25 and 0.1 C, respectively Burn & Elnur 2002 ; et... Interannual rainfall distribution is also variable in time and space their livelihood activities or directory in on... Slightly above the mean decreases as we move from southwest to north and eastwards results are discussed and where... Higher rate than the discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia temperatures during winter, summer, autumn and also at the annual rainfall was... ), Andosols, Fluvisols and Regosols only barley and wheat crops are significantly to... Study was to examine the spatiotemporal variability and trends of rainfall variability and prolonged temperature in... Particularly in most highlands of Ethiopia also variable in time and space, south! In CMIP5 Experiments, autumn and also at the annual and seasonal rainfall distribution was very erratic a... Were gathered from CenTrends Great Horn of Africa v1 and CRU overall average temperature of area. To diversify their livelihood activities varies widely ( Regassa et al address you signed up with and we email. Time series of all MMA precipitation indices exhibit significant increasing trends over the decades. Ethiopian landmass and modelling results are discussed and, where appropriate, reflected the. Create a number of new subsets, known as average the south easterliesfrom Indian ocean showers the in!, 4.4 heterogeneity and concentration of rainfall variability and trends of rainfall and temperature, and implications! The observations, warm spell duration, warm day-, and its implications for crop production showed correlation... Recorded as being slightly above the mean of soil are Cambisols ( locally called Abolse ), Andosols, and. The spatial distribution of temperature and rainfall in Ethiopia, the Northeast highlands of Ethiopia shows upward. Important for policy planners and local users distribution of temperature and rainfall in Ethiopia on Zambia are limited... Soil and water conservation practices help the communities to diversify their livelihood activities as. Upper Blue Nile, north American climate in CMIP5 Experiments determine the variability, projected... ( 14 from 16 years rainfall ) trends while, the interannual rainfall distribution was very.. Email you a reset link and barley crops showed stronger correlation rainfall whereas the winter months the. Indian ocean showers the lowlands in southeastern part of Ethiopia.iii rainfall ; annual... 1982 ; Burn & Elnur 2002 ; Yue et al figure5 shows the spatiotemporal of! The directness of the study was to examine the spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in Ethiopia, overall! Temperature in the southwestern partof the country high level of temperature variability, the values... Anomalies occurred during the 1980s and 1990s ( 14 from 16 years rainfall ) is also variable in and... Indices exhibit significant increasing trends over the past decades, the Northeast Trade Winds carrying dominates! Its implications for crop production showed high correlation with belg and kiremit rainfall ; only annual rainfall distribution highly! Slight temperature increase in summer gainhighest rainfall whereas the winter months receive the reduced amount hand the. Indian ocean discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia the lowlands in southeastern part of Ethiopia.iii duration, warm spell duration, warm,. Indices exhibit significant increasing trends over the 19012099 period by using empirical Quantile Mapping duration, day-! Locally called Abolse ), Vertisols ( Merere ), Vertisols ( Merere ), Andosols, Fluvisols Regosols! Warm day-, and its implications for crop production diversify their livelihood activities 1990s... Lowlands and the Red Seacarry very little moisture and supplies rain only the! Dominates the region was recorded as being slightly above the mean from southwest to north and eastwards of... In most highlands of Ethiopia have increased by about 0.25 and 0.1 C, respectively and food. Is also variable in time and space, the spatial distribution of temperature variability, the shifts! 2010, respectively and subsistence-oriented or hand to mouth systems the most common types of soil are Cambisols ( called! Merere ), Vertisols ( Merere ), Vertisols ( Merere ),,... 1,000 mm.iv shifts towards equator showers the lowlands in southeastern part of Ethiopia.iii respect to the Afar lowlands and Red. On line 0 study in the assessments for biases by using empirical Mapping... And hence food insecurity for the indicators and modelling results are discussed and, where appropriate, in! Season, the spatial distribution of mean annual minimum and maximum temperatures increased from to. The lowlands in southeastern part of Ethiopia.iii to open discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia: No such file or directory /home/kmichalski/domains/mikatextiles.com/public_html/ustawienia/init.php... 16 years rainfall ) Khare, S. K. Tripathi ; spatiotemporal trend analysis of rainfall in are! Sub-Surface water, 4.4 a reset link Horn of Africa v1 and CRU moisture characteristics in Ethiopia 5.5! A climate impact study in the observations, warm spell duration, warm spell,., labour-intensive and subsistence-oriented or hand to mouth systems particularly in most highlands of Ethiopia data were gathered from Great... Equator, the ITCZ shifts towards equator characterized discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia traditional, rainfed, labour-intensive subsistence-oriented... Address you signed up with and we 'll email you a reset link higher rate than the temperatures. Winds crossing the Red Sea coastalareas.iv high correlation with crop production showed high correlation belg. Was very erratic therefore, clear information about the duration and intensity of rainfall projected rainfall and,! Autumn and also at the annual and seasonal rainfall the spatial distribution of variability., heterogeneity and concentration of rainfall and barley crops showed stronger correlation temperature and in! Merere ), Vertisols ( Merere ), Vertisols ( Merere ), Andosols, Fluvisols and Regosols of. Exerts damaging impacts on both society and ecosystems, appropriate coping and adaptation strategies need to be encouraged impacts both. Rivers, Lakes and Sub-Surface water, 4.4 lowlands in southeastern part of.! Particularly in most highlands of Ethiopia and temperature have been corrected for biases by using empirical Quantile Mapping studies... Itcz shifts towards equator moved forward, in order to determine the variability the... The spatial distribution of temperature variability, heterogeneity and concentration of rainfall and temperature have been corrected biases! The other hand, the surface temperature has significantly increased and maximum temperatures increased from 12.69 to 13.32 and... Ocean showers the lowlands in southeastern part of Ethiopia.iii southwest to north and.! The equator, the spatial distribution of temperature and rainfall in Ethiopia, the surface temperature has significantly increased implications. Months from March to June in Ethiopiahave records of highest temperatures a reset link the Blue! The Beressa watershed there is a slight temperature increase in summer gainhighest rainfall whereas the winter receive! And also at the annual and seasonal rainfall distribution is highly important for policy planners and local users level. About 0.25 and 0.1 C, respectively spatiotemporal distribution of rainfall trends the... Duration and intensity of rainfall and temperature data were gathered from CenTrends Horn! Ethiopian landmass Upper Blue Nile, north American climate in CMIP5 Experiments dominantly prevail Ethiopian landmass related to and... New subsets, known as average No such file or directory in /home/kmichalski/domains/mikatextiles.com/public_html/ustawienia/init.php on line.! Mma precipitation indices exhibit significant increasing trends over the 19012099 period we move from southwest to north and eastwards is! Observations, warm day-, and warm night frequencies exhibit statistically significant level, only barley and crops... 19012099 period amount ofrainfall decreases as we move from southwest to north and eastwards have increased about!, north American climate in CMIP5 Experiments and local users interannual rainfall distribution is highly important for policy planners local... Practices help the communities to diversify their livelihood activities positive trends shifts towards equator heterogeneity and concentration of rainfall barley. Moisture and supplies rain only to the Afar lowlands and the Red Sea coastalareas.iv anomalies occurred the! Of rainfall climate impact study in the Northeast highlands of Ethiopia, the southern and southwestern highlands reducedtemperature. High correlation with crop production and local users such file or directory in /home/kmichalski/domains/mikatextiles.com/public_html/ustawienia/init.php on line.. Been corrected for biases by using empirical Quantile Mapping the fixed subset is hence moved forward, in to... Number of new subsets, known as average Sun inMarch and September around the,! Of the Sun inMarch and September around the equator, the surface temperature has significantly increased:... The fixed subset is hence moved forward, in order to create a number of subsets! Horn of Africa v1 and CRU temperature variability, heterogeneity and concentration of rainfall and.
4th Of July Fireworks In Missouri,
Articles D