In 2020, minority ethnic children also had a higher proportion remanded in custody, had a higher custody rate and received on average longer custodial sentences. Caution should be taken when considering the ethnic breakdown of senior staff because the number of individuals represented is small and changing a single case could have a noticeable effect. Figure 7.05: Proven reoffending rate by ethnicity for adults, annual averages (2014/15 to 2018/19), England and Wales. In 2020, children from the Black ethnic group had a higher proportion of defendants remanded in custody at Crown Court, at 55%, compared to children from the White ethnic group (45%). To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk. , Source: GCSE and equivalent results in England 2014/15 (Revised), A young person may be eligible to claim for FSM if they or their family meet certain criteria related to their income and benefits received. , Court Orders can contain more than one requirement. This overall increase in guilty plea rates of defendants dealt with in the latest year is due to restrictions courts faced on progressing jury trials (not-guilty pleas) as a result of the response to COVID-19. , See technical guide for information on the use of section 136 of the Mental Health Act (1983). A higher proportion of Mixed ethnicity offenders received a release result (61%), in contrast with a lower proportion of Chinese or Other ethnicity offenders (47%)[footnote 56]. There were 46,265 offences in the 12 months to the end of March this year . Similarly, prisoners of Mixed ethnic groups made up 12% of all prisoners under 18, yet only accounting for 5% of the entire prison population. Since 2015/16 there have been statistically significant decreases in reports of victims of crimes seen in the Black (from 7 to 4%) and Asian (from 4 to 2%) ethnic groups. , A determinate sentence is for a fixed period of time, and differs from indeterminate sentences that have a minimum fixed period, known as a tariff, that must be served before release is considered by the parole board. Five-year trends have been presented wherever possible. In 2020, White offenders had an ACSL of 19.6 months in comparison with 26.8 for Black offenders, 28.6 for Asian offenders, and 24.4 for offenders of Mixed and Chinese or Other ethnic groups. In the 2020/21 HM Inspectorate of Prisons survey, prisoners from ethnic minority groups reported more negative results across the survey. , See Appendix II for concordance in ethnicity reporting between these sources, More information on Relative Rate Indexes can be found in the technical guide. The greatest disparity appears at the point of stop and search, custodial remands and prison population. , Self-declared from HR records reported table 3_5_JO_Magistrates Judicial Diversity Statistics, 2021 publication, the quoted figure covers all court judges; Judicial Diversity Statistics 2017. News stories, speeches, letters and notices, Reports, analysis and official statistics, Data, Freedom of Information releases and corporate reports. Crime lower work tends to be relatively high volume, lower cost units of criminal legal aid work. Racial discrimination in America has a significant implication on crime in the region. This chapter looks at the interaction between ethnicity, sex, age, offending history, and reoffending throughout the Criminal Justice System[footnote 62]. National Statistics status can be removed at any point when the highest standards are not maintained and reinstated when standards are restored. Eight out of 10 black Britons and eight out of 10 Bangladeshi Britons fear "police are biased against people from my background and ethnic group", with 65% of all ethnic minorities agreeing. As this data is now several years old it may not accurately represent the distribution of ethnic groups in the population, particularly for children when comparing to 2018 CJS figures. Overall, of the young offenders sentenced/ cautioned, a larger proportion of Black offenders (18%) had been permanently excluded, compared to White (14%), Asian (9%) and Other (9%) offenders[footnote 79]. Where differences are not referred to as being statistically significant these are either not statistically significantly different, or differences have not been tested. Unrounded figures can be found in the accompanying spreadsheet tables and published source data. This is expected given the more diverse population of London. This builds on work to improve the 2016 admin-based ethnicity statistics. Figure 7.08: Proportion of young offenders matched to a KS4 attainment record in academic years 2013/14 and 2014/15, by ethnicity, in England (Source: Table 7.1 and Table CH1). In comparison, these age groups accounted for 6% of victims from the White, 17% from Asian and 27% from Other ethnic groups. Controlling for offence mix between ethnic groups also impacted on custody rates. Prior to 2019/20, Chinese arrests are counted within Other Ethnic Group. The proportion of suspects stopped and searched remained relatively stable across most ethnic groups, with a decrease from 21% to 17% for the Black ethnic group. , The custody rate is the proportion of all offenders sentenced to immediate custody, out of all offenders sentenced. This analysis compares the police identified ethnicity in the matched young offender cohort by total sentence/cautioned and those sentenced to custody (12 months or less and more than 12 months). These proportions have remained relatively stable over the last 5 years. Figure 4.03: Arrests in England and Wales by ethnicity, 2016/17 to 2020/21[footnote 35]. This was the only region in which homicide victims were more likely to be from the Black ethnic group (42%), followed by White ethnic group (40%). , Due to a change in the data collection framework in 2021, officers who identify as Chinese are now counted under the Asian ethnic group, in line with the 2011 ONS Census classifications. The total number of stop and searches, where ethnicity was known, increased between 2017/18 (266,000) and 2020/21 (557,000). In 2020, Asian offenders had the longest ACSL for drug offences, at 46.2 months. We also use cookies set by other sites to help us deliver content from their services. In 2020/21, three quarters (77%) of stop and searches resulted in the principal outcome no further action[footnote 31]. This chapter explores the nature, extent and risks of victims, in relation to ethnicity, from the Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW) year ending March 2020 and the Home Office Homicide Index[footnote 8]. In 2020/21, 20% of all arrests (where ethnicity is known) were made in London[footnote 34]. Victims were able to identify the race or ethnicity of their assailants in 86% of violent crimes. SW1H 9AJ. This includes putting more information in the public domain with ethnicity breakdowns, the use of the Relative Rate Indexes[footnote 6] where appropriate and a focus on outcomes for children distinct form the adult population. This section looks at the Pre-Sentence Reports (PSRs) received and the agreement (concordance) between recommendations made in PSRs and sentences issued at court, and whether they differ between ethnic groups. Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. In relation to crime and deviance, sociologists are interested in the apparently significant differential incidence of criminality and victimhood among the various ethnicities. 428 434-6 448-20. The largest increases . We routinely publish data from the CSEW giving the prevalence of crime victimisation broken down according to the ethnicity of the victim. A higher proportion of prisoners from ethnic minority groups reported experiencing a type of bullying/victimisation from staff in the prisons, at 46% for Black and Mixed prisoners, 44% for Asian, and 43% for prisoners of Other ethnic groups, compared to 30% of White prisoners. Many of these offences were dealt with in London by the Metropolitan police force, where greater levels of stop and search activity likely lead to increased arrests and subsequent charges for drug possession. Find information about the experiences and outcomes of people from a variety of ethnic backgrounds. Since 2015/16, there has been a statistically significant decrease in children reporting experience as a victim of a personal crime (down 49%). These include: Survey data from Her Majestys Inspectorate of Prisons Annual Report, (New) Understanding Educational Background of Offenders (MoJ/ DfE data share). These proportions were similar to those of the ethnic breakdown of the prison population. The following analysis cannot be used to make conclusions about the overall pupil population that have the characteristics described as the matched dataset is of offenders only[footnote 71]. In 2020, White defendants had the highest guilty plea rate for sexual offences, at 95%. By ethnicity and socio-economic group. In 2020, 52% of Black defendants were remanded in custody, compared to 36% of White defendants. Our policy in handling revisions is to be transparent with users about: How and when to expect revisions as part of our standard processes. the officer found what they were searching for[footnote 30]. Of these, 79% were White, 12% Black, 4% Asian, 4% Mixed ethnicity, and 1% Chinese or Other ethnicities. The proportion of male homicides was highest in the Black ethnic group (89%), followed by the Other ethnic group (77%), and the Asian ethnic group (68%). Similarly, for children, a higher proportion of child offenders in the Asian and Chinese or Other ethnic groups were first time offenders. This is the latest biennial compendium of Statistics on Ethnicity (formerly Race) and the Criminal Justice System and follows on from its sister publication Statistics on Women and the Criminal Justice System published last year. Among minority ethnic groups, Black individuals were often the most over-represented. Wed like to set additional cookies to understand how you use GOV.UK, remember your settings and improve government services. When offence mix was controlled for, a decrease in ACSL was seen for all ethnic groups, closer to that of the White ethnic group. Where a source is not National Statistics, users should consider this when making judgements about the weight that can be put on related findings. Within the Ministry of Justices statistical publications there can be three main reasons for statistics to be revised: Changes in how either source administrative systems collect information or a change in statistical methodology to improve accuracy and measurement. Thank you for your request. Publish a time-series of revisions due to errors in our statistical processes and procedures so we can monitor the quality of our outputs. black people were over 3 times as likely to be arrested as white people - there were 29 arrests for every 1,000 black people, and 9 arrests for every 1,000 white people. Ministry of Justice: Between 2016 and 2020, there has been an increase of 1.3 percentage points (pp) in the proportion of staff from the Asian ethnic group and a decrease of 1.6 pp in the proportion of staff from the White ethnic group[footnote 91]. No causative links can be drawn from these summary statistics. 11/1/2011 10/1/2011 11/1/2010. , All groups defined by officer-identified ethnicity classification see Appendix I. 13.2% of the UK prison population is black compared with their being 2.8% of the over 15 population. For all ethnicities, drugs were the most common reason for searches that resulted in an arrest after a stop and search, accounting for 57% of resultant arrests for White suspects, 59% for Black suspects, 69% for Asian suspects, 60% for Mixed suspects and 54% for Other suspects. Black and minority ethnic (BAME) households in the UK are over twice as likely to live in poverty as their white counterparts . , For 2014/15, following SEN reforms, SEN pupils are categorised as SEN with a statement or Education, health and care (EHC) plan and SEN support. However, priority has been given to allow for a full year of reliable data that shows continuation of long-term trends. As reported in other research, the young people used ideas about origin, race and ethnicity in loose and shifting ways (Back; Butcher). One stand-out trend for reasons for arrest is that Black people are . Where young offenders received a custodial sentence, the proportion of White offenders persistently absent was significantly higher than the proportion of Black offenders, both for custody for 12 months or less (by 7pp) and for more than 12 months (by 11pp). Proportion of sentence served is affected by factors such as offence mix and behaviour in prison. Simon Hallsworth and Tara Young (2008) were sceptical, dismissing . , Data for stop and searches is published by Home Office in Stop and search open data tables, Stop and searches under s60 Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 accounted for approximately 1% of all stop and searches (s1 and s60) in the latest year. The arrest statistics have remained stable over time, with 77% of arrests being made of white people, 10% black and 7% Asian in 2018. In previous publications we have made comparisons to the population using 2011 Census data. In 2020, Black offenders made up 32% of the prison population for under-18-year olds, despite accounting for only 13% of the whole prison population. of the official crime statistics without question (i.e. 1 Because of rounding, the percentages may not add to 100.0.; 2 The ethnicity totals are representative of those agencies that provided ethnicity breakdowns. Crime lower work is carried out by legal aid providers at police stations, in magistrates courts and prison. London showed a markedly different pattern than the rest of England and Wales. The difference in ACSL can be attributed to a range of factors, including the varying offence mix across ethnic groups (see figure 8.01). A decline in custody rate was observed in 2020, likely a result of the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on courts and the prioritisation of non-jury trials . In contrast, despite White prisoners making up 73% of the entire prison population, only 47% of prisoners aged under 18 were White. Figure 7.07: Proven reoffending rate by ethnicity for children, annual averages (2014/15 to 2018/19), England and Wales. In 2020, the custody rate was highest for the Chinese or Other ethnic group, at 64% and lowest for the Mixed ethnic group at 48%. The highest proportion of offender with SEN with statement was highest for the White ethnic group (18%) and the highest proportion of offenders with SEN without statement was highest for the Other ethnic group (68%)[footnote 76]. , Detailed results of the survey can be found in table 6.06 in the tables document published alongside this report. In Gilroy's view, ethnic minority crime can be seen as a form of political resistance against a racist society, and this resistance . Educational attainment of those sentenced to custody was lower than the attainment of all young offenders. These proportions have remained relatively stable over the last 5-year period. In line with previous years, Black defendants continued to serve a greater proportion of their original determinate sentence in custody (67% in 2020) when compared with Mixed (66%) White (60%), Asian (58%) and prisoners from Other ethnic groups (58%). Over the past 5 years, the most common sentence given for indictable offences across all ethnic groups was immediate custody, accounting for 35% of all offenders sentenced in 2020 (where ethnicity is known). This trend has remained relatively stable over the past 5 years, with the Black ethnic group consistently having the highest proportion of defendants electing themselves to be heard at Crown Court. The ACSL for drug offences has increased across all ethnic groups over the past 5 years. RRI analysis showed that White defendants were more likely than all other ethnic groups to plead guilty at Crown Court. Over the last 5 years, the proportion of arrests in London and across England and Wales have remained relatively stable by ethnic group. Drug offences vary both in nature and severity. Sharp and Budd (2005) pointed out that the O ffending, Crime and Justice survey of 2003, conducted . , Caution must be taken with interpreting data from the Chinese or Other group as the population size is very small. The total number of all arrests (where ethnicity is known) decreased by 21% between 2016/17 and 2020/21; this decrease was relatively consistent across most ethnic groups. pleasant grove high school / staff directory; dr omar suleiman wife esraa; ontario road trip summer; song baseball apple; waltham athletic club tennis schedule; ethnicity and crime statistics uk 2020. This trend is similar across all disposal types. Ethnicity 9 2.2 Arrests 9 2.3 Transferred or cancelled records 12 Outcomes 12 2.4 Trends over time 13 2.5 Police Force Areas (PFA) 15 2.6 London 17 Will McMahon and Rebecca Robert The Probation Service supervises offenders living in the community under a court order[footnote 57], including those starting supervision as a result of a community or suspended sentence and those who have been released from prison on licence. , Overall pupil population referring to cohort 2014/15. Over the past five years, concordance rates[footnote 40] for immediate custodial sentences across all ethnic groups (excluding Missing/Not Stated) increased from 73% in 2016 to 90% in 2018, followed by a small decrease to 87% in 2020. Violence against the person offences have accounted for the largest proportion of total arrests (where ethnicity is known) since 2017/18, at 42% in 2020/21. In 2020/21, White suspects accounted for 76% of arrests, 10% were for Black suspects, 8% were for Asian suspects, 4% were for Mixed ethnicity suspects and 2% were for Other ethnicity suspects. As discussed in the Introduction, the 2011 Census data used to create these estimates is now several years old and may not accurately represent the distribution of ethnic groups in the population. Figure 9.04: Proportion of staff and practitioners in CJS organisations by ethnicity[footnote 99], latest year and 2016 or 2017, England and Wales. Figure 4.02: Distribution of stop and searches in London and England and Wales, by ethnicity, 2020/21. , Arrests analysis excludes Lancashire as they could not supply complete data for 2017/18. Mixed ethnicity suspects had the highest proportion of stop and searches in which the outcome was linked (25%) compared to all other ethnic groups, these ranged from 21% to 22%. In the latest year, suspicion of drugs and offensive weapons were the two most common reasons for stops across all ethnic groups. A copy of this statement can be found at: http://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/statistics/mojstats/statistics-revisions-policy.pdf. , Ethnicity was recorded for 85.7% of community orders and 87.6% of suspended sentence orders commenced in 2020. In 2020, 32% of children in prison were Black despite Black prisoners accounting for only 13% of the entire prison population. In general, minority ethnic groups appear to be over-represented at many stages throughout the CJS compared with the White ethnic group. It covers statistics on stop and searches and arrests, which are published by the Home Office in the Police powers and procedures: Stop and search and arrests, England and Wales, year ending 31 March 2021[footnote 20]. This section is limited to these offences (referred to indictable) and to defendants aged 10 or over unless otherwise is explicitly stated. 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