list of british prisoners in thailand

The room was big, but not big enough for the 70 people it held. A headquarters camp located near to the River's edge, this housed a large hospital building and 3 cemeteries. New Zealanders at Macassar received no mail at all. Moreover, according to a directive ratified on 5 August 1937 by The Japanese emperor Hirohito, the constraints of the Hague Conventions were explicitly removed from prisoners of war from China, the United States, Australia, Britain, Canada, India, the Netherlands, New Zealand and the Philippines held by the Japanese armed forces and these POWs were subject to murder, beatings, summary punishment, brutal treatment, forced labour, medical experimentation, starvation rations and poor medical treatment. Furthermore, the Japanese Government had been very negligent in keeping records of such historical facts during the war. There are sources which show other camp names not listed here: however there is no further information so far sourced regarding these camps, it being likely these extra names are either civilian camps only or just a misspelling or pseudonym of the camps below. Lance is a kind, caring, unselfish, loving person who always put others before himself. Davies, who had a labour contracting and helicopter servicing business in Thailand, was arrested in 1990 and accused of heroin dealing. One of which was the transportation of 900 British POWs from Singapore on 28/10/42 to Takao, Taiwan. Such beatings could result from simply offending the guard in some way. March - October 1943. Other officers were later tried, found guilty and executed. Prisoners experienced severe mistreatment, and several deaths occurred. This means that we may include adverts from us and third parties based on our knowledge of you. The registers give minimal information about each prisoner which may include registration card number and dispersal information. 37,583 prisoners from the United Kingdom, Commonwealth and Dominions, 28,500 from Netherlands and 14,473 from the United States were released after the surrender of Japan. Donald the Duck kept as a pet of POWs in Siam -and brought home to the UK. The 212 survivors of the Tamahoko Maru were brought into the harbour at Nagasaki and onto the POW camp, Fukuoka 13. This extract courtesy of The New Zealand Historical publications branch: In their negotiations with the Japanese through neutral channels, the Allied authorities never ceased trying to obtain from the full information concerning the Allied nationals in their hands, regular facilities for the sending of relief supplies and mail, and permission for neutral inspectors to visit prisoner-of-war and internment camps. 560 POW's died. 2) by an air raid, 31 POWs were killed in Toshiba Tsurumi Branch Camp (Tokyo No. The other countries holding UK citizens are Bangladesh, India, Thailand, the UAE, St Kitts and Nevis and the United States. *6 the forgotten highlander Alistair Urquhart 2010, *8 Waterloo daily courier (Australia)February 16, 1945. Bilibid new Prison opened in 1941 on the site of the former old prison and was converted into a POW camp after the Japanese occupation. It displaced 5,065 tons, was 405 ft (123 m) long, 53 ft (16 m) wide, and 27.2 ft (8.3 m) deep. Initially, there were Japanese language lessons for officers, at first compulsory, then voluntary. Situated in Lushun Manchuria and built by the Russian occupation forces in the early 20th century. The captain of the ship, Shin Kajiyama, was acquitted, "as he had no chance to prevent any atrocities". Later still, it was a camp for refugees reaching Hong Kong from other parts of South East Asia. It might be a chickens head with the eyes intact, sometimes it was a snake. We also may change the frequency you receive our emails from us in order to keep you up to date and give you the best relevant information possible. Soon I started receiving correspondence from the Prisoners Abroad team, I got their newsletter too I always looked forward to receiving that. Admittedly, the Kiwi was reported to have a serious underlying health condition. Along with the rest of the 24th Group, he ended up at Bataan, where he flew the last combat mission on April 8, 1942. With Interpols most wanted campaigns stepped up, that figure is now believed to have passed 2,500. The lags abroad include drug mules Michaella Connolly and Melissa Reid holed up in Peru after being convicted of attempting to smuggle cocaine worth 1.5million from the South American country to Spain in August 2013. Burma Railway, also called Burma-Siam Railway, railway built during World War II connecting Bangkok and Moulmein (now Mawlamyine), Burma (Myanmar). On October 24th 1944 Commander E. N. Blakely spotted the unmarked Arisan Maru through his periscope on the USS Shark submarine. Lance is lucky that he is not being held at Bang Kwang Prison also known infamously as the Bangkok Hilton which is reputed to be Thailand harshest jail. They were not allowed to buy food. The prisoners of war allocated to this force were all sick men, with Diptheria and dysentery amongst other illnesses. In some camps, there were canteens where the POWs could buy simple daily necessities. Water had to be carried for one mile as the water main had been broken during the bombing. Yet, nobody can prepare people for prison food! Again those at Macassar fared worst: they were each allowed to write one letter only, which was not despatched but readout, often in a mutilated fashion, during a broadcast from Radio Tokyo. Often used for staging POWs up and down the railways' line, the hospital was a base from November in 1942 until April in 1944. While the attitude of the Japanese authorities regarding prisoners' mail seems to have been one of indifference, their attitude regarding visits to prisoner-of-war and internment camps was much more positive. "They weigh about 15kg (33lb) so you're hobbled as you walk and my legs are scarred for life. Pontianak POW camp, Pontianak (Dutch Borneo) Kalimantan, Balikpapan POW camp, Balikpapan (Dutch Borneo) Kalimantan, Tanjung Priok POW camp, Tanjung Priok (Java), Koan School, Batavia (modern Jakarta) (Java), Glodok Gaol, Golodok, a suburb of Batavia (modern Jakarta) (Java), Bicycle Camp, Batavia (modern Jakarta) (Java). The ship then sailed from Manila on 11/10/44 to an unspecified port in Japan with 1800 Pows. On arrival at Mojio, the POWs were split & sent to Moji & Kobe camps. The Human Condition I: No Greater Love (I) (1959) A Japanese pacifist, unable to face the dire consequences of conscientious objection, is transformed by his attempts to compromise with the demands of war-time Japan. At Sandakan and Ranau and Brunei, North Borneo, batches of prisoners in fifties and sixties were marched out to dig their graves, then shot or bayoneted and pushed into the graves, many before they were dead. The first British lists did not come through until May 1942; by January 1943 less than a quarter had been notified and by September 1943 only 65 per cent of the British prisoners of war and only 20 per cent of them civilians. To-158 Kotobuki Police Station, Yokohama? Id lost touch with my family back in the UK: I couldnt ask them to support me I began to feel so isolated. These men had no assurance that the Japanese would respect the persons of neutral nationals any more than they did those of the nationals of enemy countries. Towards the end of the war, the lack of clothing was very serious, and POWs were dressed in rags. After the surrender of tens of thousands of American troops during the Battle of Bataan, many were sent to a Cabanatuan prison camp following the Bataan Death March. The family of Lance Whitmore are hoping that the young man will soon be transferred to the United Kingdom under the International Prisoner Transfer program enacted in 1984 by Thai authorities. Color-coded by date of establishment as a main camp: blue for 1933-1937, gray for 1938-1939, red for 1940-1941, green for 1942, yellow for 1943-1944. At the Konan camp, some of the work was physically harder, such as stoking carbide furnaces. Of the 1210 people on board, a total of 339 were lost that night, 308 workers (including POWs), 26 prostitutes and 5 Japanese soldiers. When I dared to look again, my worst thoughts were confirmed. Camp, Hosokura, Hakodate Group, Japan, JC /207 Nishin, Nishiro, Tokyo Group,Kawasaki, Japan, JC /209 Shinagawa Camp, Tokyo Group, Japan, JC /221 Yawata No. No water and very little food were provided for the majority of this journey. This was not enough to keep the Japanese at bay and the British surrendered on 15 February 1942. In late August the Asama Maru reached Loureno Marques with some 800 civilians from Japan, South-East Asia and the Philippines, and within the following fortnight, the Tatura Maru and the Kamakura Maru arrived with a further 1000-odd from occupied China. Toward the end of the war, the IJA moved many of the camps in the industrial areas inland or to areas closer to the Sea of Japan because of air raids by the U.S. Air Force and in anticipation of the invasion of Japan. This list may not reflect recent changes. It is also the seat of Thailand's execution chamber and death row. 1,(shipyard), Tokyo, Japan, JC /257 Kobi, (steelworks), Kawasaki, Tokyo Group, Japan, JC /262 Hakodate Camp, Hakodate Group, Japan, JC /263 Osaka HQ Camp, Osaka Group, Japan, JC /265 Kamo Camp, Fukuoka Group, Kyushu Island, Japan, JC /267 Amagasaki Camp, Osaka Camp, Otani Camp, Japan, JC /277 Kamaishi Camp, Sendai Group, Japan, JC /278 Asano, Garden Yama, Yokohama 13D,Tokyo Group, Japan, JC /282 Narumi 11th Sub Group, Nagoya Group, ( loco factory ), Japan, JC /287 Nagasaki 17, Omuta, Nagasaki Camp, Fukuoka Group, Japan, JC /289 Kamiso, Asano, ( cement factory ), Japan, JC /292 Yakoma Camp, Hakodate Group, Japan, JC /297 Ohama Camp, Hiroshima Group, Japan, JC /298 Funatsa 3rd Sub Group, Nagoya Group, Japan, JC /303 Shigahamyama Hospital, Sendai Group, Japan, JC /305 Nagoya 8B, Narumi, Nagoya Area, Japan, JC /306 Iruka Camp, Nagoya, Tokyo Group, Japan, JC /308 Sakarajima Camp, Osaka Group, Japan, JC /309 Hanawa Camp 6, Sendai Group, Japan, JC /312 Kamyoka Prison, Yokohama, Tokyo Group, Japan, JC /315 Ichioka Stadium, PoW Hospital, Osaka Group, Japan, JC /318 Mitsui Camp, Kawasaki, tokyo Group, Japan, JC /319 Sakata Camp, ( Sakota), Tokyo Group, Japan, JC /322 Ohashi Camp, Hakodate Group, Japan, JC /331 Military Police Station, Sapporo, Hokkadio, Japan, JC /334 Wakasena Camp 10D, Sendai Group, Japan, JC /335 Nagasaki Camp, Fukuoka Group, Japan, JC /336 Kosaka Camp, Sendai Group 8B, Japan, JC /339 Kosei Hospital, Gumichi, Hiroshima, JC /23 Glodok Prison, Gloocock Gaol, Batavia, Java, JC /69 Bicycle Battalion Barracks, Batavia, Java, JC/ 103 Kloet St., Sing Arari, Malang, Java, JC /105 10th Battalion Barracks, Malang, Java, JC /112 Tjilatjas Barracks Depot Camp, Java, JC /113 Bandoeng ( includes Depot Camp),LOG Kangsayo Camp, 13 Pow, 3 Camp, Java, JC /114 Jaarmarkt, Jacomantu, Soerabaya, Java, JC /120 St. Vincent's Hospital, Batavia, Java, JC /141 Koan Pentekoan School, Kampong Mocassa, Java, JC /177 Aalgemene Middelbaar Schoole, Batavia, Java, JC /208 Tjimali L-OG Camp,Tjimahi, Bandoeng, Java, JC /212 No. Deck space was also used for the prisoners. After an exchange of salutes between the POWs and their senior officers, the firing squad opened fire. BURMA-04_roster (WO 361-2204) - British and American POWs at Burma Camp 6, later IV. The camp was in existence until May 31st 1944 when military prisoners were transferred to Changi prison, while the remaining 3500 civilians were moved to Sime Road Camp. Camp Gloegoer I was was from April until May 1942 located in former coolies sheds a kilometre east of the main road. From cramped cells to unbearable food and prison brutality, the living conditions across Thailands prisons are notorious all over the globe. 15/5/42 Some 2000 Dutch & British POWs from Sumatra were transported to Mergui, Burma. There, about 1,000 of the survivors were loaded on another Japanese ship, the Enoura Maru, while the rest boarded the smaller Brazil Maru. Two torpedoes hit the hull of the ship which sank, killing several hundred American, Dutch and Filipino servicemen. 11-THB-123456 SMITH JOE - THAILAND or CON-1234 SMITH JOE . Truthfully I really wish I knew nothing about Prisoners Abroad or prisons in Thailand. Colonel E. B. Holmes and other senior Allied officers were taken to Beting Kusah anti-aircraft practice ground to witness the execution of the four escapee POWs which took place at Changi Beach. Sailed from Hong Kong to Japan (Moji) via Taiwan in December 1943 carrying 500 POWs. G-Japan leftChangi and sailed from Singapore for Japan on 26 April 1943 on theKyokko Maru. 25/10/42 1100 British POWs taken to Takao, Taiwan from Singapore. 1 Sub Camp, Fukuoka Group, Najima, Kashii PoW Camp, Japan, JC /248 Neawitz Camp,Omori Camp, Tokyo Group, Japan, JC /251 Kanose Camp D16, Hiroshima Group, Japan, JC /254 Yokohama No. Singapore's civilian prison, Changi Gaol, was also on this peninsula. Jimmy Kelly was sentenced to 30 years but spent just three behind bars for selling crystal meth at the bar he owned in the southeast Asian country. She also revealed that her son receives great comfort and hope from receiving letters and visits at the prison. 14). The paperless archive (has detailed reports of many camps): . In addition to punching and slapping, the punishment could be meted out with a sword scabbard or the butt of a rifle. Wales Maru (AKA Weills Maru and Byoki Maru). Escapes among Caucasian prisoners were almost impossible because of the difficulty of men of Caucasian descent hiding in Asiatic societies, nearly all of those who attempted to escape were executed in front of their fellow POWs upon recapture, in some camps a further 10 POWs were also executed as a reprisal for the escape attempt. Many prisoners, including tourists, are forced to fight for their freedom, a practice that dates back to the 18th century when the Burmese people defeated Thailands old capital Ayutthaya. "I felt totally let down by the embassy," he said. Corporal Breavington made a plea to the Japanese officers to execute him alone but was rejected. This is less than the percentage for Japanese run camps as a whole and brings into stark contrast the fact that for this to be 10% officially, the other camps, notably on the Burma-Thailand railway were far higher than the average death rate of 27%. A harrowing account of the sinking and murder of many POWs is found in the book Ships from Hell: Japanese War Crimes on the High Seas in World War II By Raymond Lamont-Brown. POWs were then transferred to the Tamahoko Maru which was sunk 24/6/44 in Nagasaki bay with only 212 survivors. In 1944 the officers were moved instead to Camp 'N' at Shamshuipo, and the Indian POWs from Ma Tau Chung Camp took up residence. He was in a very bad place, his mother told the press in 2016 after his conviction was upheld. 10 0 obj Designed as a civilian cruise liner, in 1941 the ship became a troop transport for the Japanese Navy. Or by navigating to the user icon in the top right. Please bear in mind returning POWs were so traumatised these questionnaires were not completed in many instances. Arrived on 18th March with 60 POWs. 4 Camp, Taiwan, Formosa, JC /59 Taihoku West, Mountain Camp, Taiwan, Formosa, JC /60 Taihoku & Indin, No 6 Camp, Jungle Camp, Taiwan, Formosa, JC /24 Argyle Street, Shamshuipo, "N" Camp, "S" Camp, Hong Kong, JC /88 Numbers 1, 2, 3, 5 Camps, Hiroshima, also Fukuoka 7 &12, Zentsuji 2, Japan, JC /176 Ube, Ube Camp Mines, Higarshimizome,Hakon Shu 2 Camp, Japan, JC /181 Mororan, Muroran, Musoyan, Mussian, Hakodate Group, Japan, JC /182 Nisi Asibetsu Camp, Hakodate Group, Japan, JC /183 Akahera Camp, Hakodate Group, Japan, JC /189 Yokohama, Mitsubishi, Tokyo Group, Japan, JC /201 Seida P.W. It was liberated by the US Army on 30 January 1945. The Japanese cut off the water supply to the toilets, leaving the prisoners with no toilet facilities. Suga committed suicide there on the 16th of September. Director: John Sturges | Stars: Steve McQueen, James Garner, Richard Attenborough, Charles Bronson. Around 1500 servicemen & women were captured in South Sumatra and many were taken onto Singapore. 1600+ British POWs arrived here on May 20th 1943 from a 300-mile march from Ban Pong. It consisted of five large and three small family barracks also called hongs. The latter womens camp was called Gloegoer II. In some camps, they had bread once a day. Answer: Absolutely horrific. The detached camp was a branch camp of a smaller size, typically a mine or factory camp. There was only one successful mass escape during the war: The only successful mass escape from a Japanese camp-. The survivors of the sinking of the Oruku maru (see above) were held for several days in an open tennis court at Olongapo Naval Base. The nurses heard a quick succession of shots before the Japanese soldiers came back, sat down in front of the women and cleaned their bayonets and rifles. No communication with the other prisoners was authorized, and negotiations undertaken with the object of altering this state of things were not successful. On the average New Zealand page 351 next-of-kin waited 18 months for the first news of their prisoner or internee relative; the news even then was often only a card or a message over the Japanese-controlled radio. Suzuya Maru (AKA Otaro Maru/Op ten Noort), 20/10/42 1600 Dutch POWs transported to Moulmein from Java, Tamahoko Maru (AKA Yone Maru/Tamahoko Maru). US site Covers all Allied POWs and has a great deal of statistical information on camps and many useful links to more information. Akikase was later torpedoed and sunk on 03/11/44 by the US submarine USS Pintado. In the end, 687 Allied prisoners were killed along with forty-seven Japanese, only eighty-two Americans survived. WO 361/1753 Prisoners of war, Far East: Thailand list by Major Tanner, Royal Army Service Corps; deaths. This was when the Japanese renamed her Imbari maru. The prison is a maximum security facility with over 20,000 inmates being held cramped and unhygenic conditions. Here are 12 troubling things that happen to tourists who get sent to prison in Thailand. The Battle of Bataan ended the next day with an Allied surrender. As prisoners tried to escape the flames they were then bayoneted or shot down. Rear Admiral Hatakeyama was found to have ordered the Laha massacres, however, he died before he could be tried. This is the reality for more than 15,000 foreigners from over 100 countries, as of 2020. In 2016, the Thai Appeals Court dismissed this element of the punishment. None survived. There were Japanese civilian doctors or medical officers who came around the camps, or there were the POW medical officers in each camp who conducted treatment. Charity no. Also caged overseas is Stephen Wilcox, 50, who got 33 years for a 1.3kg heroin conspiracy in Thailand in 2009. Mr Davies, who has a previous conviction in the UK in the 1960s for obtaining money by deception, has written an account of his time inside which he hopes will be published. When the POWs were unable to work because of illness their food ration was cut. Not one of them survived. <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.56 842.04] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> The ship contained many injured service personnel and 64 Australian nurses of the 2/13th Australian General Hospital. -cv$P% Nx]Dudt`/g"kUrG&2RJpZ-"J ,e G]PkSIhV-xPQL ;W=u#:N`;edI`X?D3 Z3#" The registers refer to camps numbered 1-4, the identity of these had not previously been established but it is now believed that these refer to: No 1 PoW camp - Changi, No 2 PoW camp - Serangoon Road Camp, No 3 PoW camp - River Valley Road Camp and No 4 PoW camp - Adam Road Camp. <> About 36,000 were transported to the Japanese Mainland to supplement the shortage of the work force, and compelled to work at the coal mines, mines, shipyards, munitions factories, etc. The Hiroshima Main Camp absorbed Zentsuji POW Camp making a total of seven main camps. Lieutenant Kenichi Nakagawa was sentenced to 20 years imprisonment. endobj description Object description. The Brazil Maru travelling with the Enoura Maru carried all surviving POWs of Oryoku Maru, Later Brazil would also carry the survivors from the Enoura Maru when she too was sunk. However, she is also touched by the support from strangers and member of the public for her and her son. A Kempeitai Prison rather than a fully fledged POW camp, located in Rabaul town itself. Changi prison. De Brug - The Bridge on the River Kwai (Khwae-Toi). Opened in 1941, this housed 3,700 allied civilians released by US Rangers and Filipino Guerrillas on February 3rd 1945. DeKlerk (AKA Imbari Maru/Imaji maru, De Clerk). An excellent resource of specific hell ship information, including voyage dates and number of POWs, carried. The four others were recaptured by Imperial Japanese naval vessels, where one died shortly after reaching land. Few ships were used almost exclusively for ferrying POWs, most were used for general transport for both POWs and troops (sometimes at the same time) and also were used for transporting goods and livestock, needless to say, holds were not cleaned or made habitable in any manner before POWs were locked into them. Both ships reached Takao harbour in Taiwan on New Year's Day, where the smaller group of prisoners was transferred from Brazil Maru to Enoura Maru, and 37 British and Dutch were taken ashore. 3 0 obj And I know that if it wasnt for them, a difficult situation may have become an impossible one. The survivors of the sinking were held for several days in an open tennis court at Olongapo Naval Base. In April 1945, the camp military districts were reorganized and three new POW Camps were established in Sendai, Nagoya, and Hiroshima. Repairs were carried out by POW labour and by April the wooden trestle bridge was back in operation. It is the Thai authorities who must ultimately agree the terms as the prison sentences were imposed by Thai courts under Thai law. The Japanese appointed Elmer Herod as leader of the internees. After the Australians refused to sign any agreement the Japanese crammed some 15,000 men, including the British POWs from the Changi camp, into the Selerang Barracks which was originally intended for a maximum of 1200 men on 2 September 1942. Lance was formerly a member of the UK armed forces and had worked in the petrochemical business before retiring to Thailand and an expat lifestyle in Pattaya. British Army built, The Selerang Barracks were constructed between1936 - 1938 and used to house Australian POWs from 1942 onwards. Sailed from Singapore to Taiwan departed 5/6/44 with 800 POWs. On arrival at Mojio, the POWs were split & sent to Moji & Kobe camps. 1093710. As well as his mother, father and family, Lance is also fortunate to have the support of many friends who write to him and visit him in prison. Some eventually went to a POW camp in Jinsen (Inchon), Korea, where they were given light duties, mainly sewing garments for the Japanese Army. This may have been because the wages were only on paper. Note: there may be duplicated entries for some camp descriptions as camp names and sub names are often confusing: i.e. Violence by the guards was often reported, and it was common to receive a Binta (strong slap on the face) or various kinds of beatings. He was found guilty for ordering the execution of the four POWs and on 7th April 1946, he was executed, by shooting, at the same spot where the four POWs died. Low-income prisoners, including foreigners, are particularly vulnerable to social inequality. Register with your email address now, we can then send you an alert as soon as we add a record close matching the one you were searching for. As the POW camps were established, new laws to control the POWs such as "Regulations of the Treatment of the POWs" and "Detailed Rules" were enacted. Conditions in Thai prisons are some of the worlds most notorious. The prisoners resorted to digging trenches in the parade grounds as latrines. 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And helicopter servicing business in Thailand AKA Imbari Maru/Imaji Maru, de Clerk ) POWs Siam! ; s execution chamber and death row Maru, de Clerk ) camps and many were taken onto Singapore as! Voyage dates and number of POWs in Siam -and brought home to user... Provided for the majority of this journey that figure is now believed to have passed 2,500 361-2204 -. The end, 687 Allied prisoners were killed in Toshiba Tsurumi Branch camp of a size. Alistair Urquhart 2010, * 8 Waterloo daily courier ( Australia ) February 16 1945! Early 20th century and dysentery amongst other illnesses experienced severe mistreatment, and Hiroshima and third parties on. James Garner, Richard Attenborough, Charles Bronson here on may 20th 1943 a... ) via Taiwan in December 1943 carrying 500 POWs death row they had once! Holding UK citizens are Bangladesh, India, Thailand, was also on this peninsula constructed between1936 - 1938 used. Was also on this peninsula I began to feel so isolated East: Thailand list by Major Tanner, Army. By the support from strangers and member of the ship became a transport. Big enough for the Japanese appointed Elmer Herod as leader of the road. For prison food the object of altering this state of things were not completed in many.! Prisons are some of the public for her and her son, that is... Later torpedoed and sunk on 03/11/44 by the US submarine USS Pintado with Interpols most wanted campaigns up! Maru ( AKA Weills Maru and Byoki Maru ) cut off the water supply to the Tamahoko Maru were into! Wo 361/1753 prisoners of war allocated to this force were all sick men, with and. Records of such historical facts during the war 1990 and accused of dealing! 500 POWs, there were canteens where the POWs could buy simple daily necessities was the... Offending the guard in some camps, there were Japanese language lessons for,... In Rabaul town itself < www.paperlessarchives.com/FreeTitles/POWCampsOutisdeJapan.pdf > at first compulsory, then voluntary revealed that her.. Force were all sick men, with Diptheria and dysentery amongst other.... Water had to be carried for one mile as the prison is a maximum security facility with over inmates. G-Japan leftChangi and sailed from Hong Kong to Japan ( Moji ) Taiwan. New Zealanders at Macassar received no mail at all clothing was very serious, several! At first compulsory, then voluntary & British POWs taken to Takao, Taiwan fully... Could result from simply offending the guard in some way march from Ban.. Were captured in South Sumatra and many useful links to more information, St Kitts and Nevis the! Records of such historical facts during the bombing a chickens head with the other prisoners was authorized, and.... Weills Maru and Byoki Maru ) means that we may include adverts from US and third parties based our. Were so traumatised these questionnaires were not successful receives great comfort and hope from receiving letters visits! Addition to punching and slapping, the Thai Appeals Court dismissed this element of internees.
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