gold. Show the corresponding 3' and 5' ends. (b) Show that one of the glutamic aci, Sickle cell anemia is caused by: A) an iron deficiency. b. is the form of RNA that goes from the DNA to the ribosome. (c). GGA C T C CTC. How does this affect the shape and oxygen-carrying capacity of the cell? Original DNA Sequence Original DNA Sequence C A T C A T C A T C A T Matching . 5' A-T-T-C-A-A-G-G-G-C-T-A-C-C-C 3'. The Red Panda has evolved over time to become more specialized in its diet and habitat. Hemoglobin is a protein that carries oxygen throughout the body. Sickle cell hemoglobin and normal hemoglobin differ in only a single amino acid. Which mRNA sequence results in a polypeptide that contains three amino acids? B. DNA sequence of abnormal hemoglobin (sickle cell). . A. a portion of DNA that codes for a single protein B. a sequence of three nucleotides that codes for a single amino acid C. a structure within the cell nucleus that houses genes D. a portion of a protein that codes for a single amin, The base sequences in mRNA that code for certain amino acids are These sequences are complementary to the sequences in DNA. A part of the DNA sequences of normal hemoglobin and sickle cell hemoglobin are shown below. DNA sequencing determines the order of the four chemical building blocks - called "bases" - that make up the DNA molecule. Sequence clusters. A region on 18S rRNA which base pairs with mRNA. C) heredity. But, in sickle cell hemoglobin, valine replaces glutamate at the same position. Moreover, The Cancer Genome Atlas project, which is supported by NHGRI and the National Cancer Institute, is using DNA sequencing to unravel the genomic details of some 30 cancer types. Include the roles of the gene, messenger RNA, ribosomes, and transfer RNA. Normal ranges are: Adult male: 13.8-17.2 g/dL; Adult female: 12.1-15.1 g/dL; Summary . (5') GAAGTTCATGC (3'), What sequence of bases on one strand of DNA is complementary to the following sequence on another strand? and this may mean that this variant is linked to the normal allele or that its . This . AMINO ACID SEQUENCE: _______, _______, _______, _______, _______, To which of the following does protein tertiary structure refer? serious infections and damage to vital organs. Correlation of hemoglobin H inclusion bodies with DNA-determined genotype. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1992, 116: . Is it living now or extinct? What do improvements in DNA sequencing mean for human health. Based upon. B. Consider the following portion of mRNA produced by the normal order of DNA nucleotide: 5'-ACA-UCA-CGG-GUA-3' What is the DNA amino acid order if a mutation changes CGG to GGG? iaim.editor published Hb Q - India: An uncommon hemoglobin variant diagnosed in two patients - Case series on 2014-12-23. c. substitution mutation. . (c) acts as the recognition site to whic. It is an excellent climber and has a thick, woolly coat to help keep it warm in its cold mountain habitat. Doctors determine your hemoglobin level by analyzing a sample of your blood. b. Their hemoglobin looks quite different from ours in terms of sequence. 5'TTTTAGCTTTTTGGCATCA3' 2. People with sickle cell disease have lower hemoglobin levels, usually between 611 g/dL. A part of the DNA sequence of normal hemoglobin and sickle cell hemoglobin are shown below. It is composed of four protein chains, two alpha chains and two beta chains, each with a ring-like heme group containing an iron atom. Haemoglobin concentrations for the diagnosis of anaemia and assessment of severity. People with this disease have atypical hemoglobin molecules called hemoglobin S, which can distort red blood cells into a sickle , or crescent, shape. Become a Study.com member to unlock this answer! fungi and bacteria are among the most important environmental organism this able to infect plants when they reach a suitable host plant by producing c sequences in the gene. If one strand of a DNA double helix is GACTACGTAG, what is the sequence of the other DNA strand? 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D. The sequence of mRNA for termination of. What is the base sequence of the other complementary strand of the double helix? Write the amino-acid sequence obtained from left-to-right translation of the messenger RNA sequence AUUGGCGCGAGAUCGAAUGAGCCCAGU, Determine whether the following base sequence occurs in DNA or RNA: GATCACA, Ribosomal RNA: a. is part of the ribosome and is a chemical complex of RNA and protein. . The utilizations of microfluidic chips for single RBC (red blood cell) studies have attracted great interests in recent years to filter, trap, analyze, and release single erythrocytes for various applications. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Blood 130:283. . This protein is composed of two parts: globin and heme, the part that contains all of the iron of hemoglobin. At pH = 7.3? Here are 14 signs and symptoms that you're deficient in iron. . Mayo Clinic Staff. Researchers now are able to compare large stretches of DNA - 1 million bases or more - from different individuals quickly and cheaply. (b). There is no relationship between sickl, Determine whether the following base sequence occurs in DNA or RNA: GUCUCAA, In HbS, the human hemoglobin found in individuals with sickle-cell anemia, glutamic acid at position 6 in the beta chain is replaced by valine. 2-6 months: 9.5 - 14 gm/dL. The mitochondria are emerging as highly influential organelles in the health and disease of eukaryotic cells. Consider the following portion of mRNA produced by the normal order of DNA nucleotide: 5'-ACA-UCA-CGG-GUA-3' What happens if a G is added to the beginning of the mRNA segment? One of NHGRI's goals is to promote new technologies that could eventually reduce the cost of sequencing a human genome of even higher quality than is possible today and for less than $1,000. Adenine (A) always pairs with thymine (T); cytosine (C) always pairs with guanine (G). If the mRNA is AUGAAAUAC, what amino acids will it code for? Those without diabetes tend to have HbA1c levels of about 5.7 percent. If low levels of the beta chain are produced, there is a shortage of red blood cells (anemia); as a result, the body does, The portion of the DNA that specifies the sequence of a particular protein is known as a: a. chromosome b. codon c. nucleotide d. mRNA gene. What will be the sequence of the mRNA synthesized? Protein:&VAL& HIS &LEU &THR& PRO&{\color{Red} {GLU}}& GLU &LYS\\ This results in the amino acid sequence proline-glutamic and acid-glutamic acid. The main difference between normal hemoglobin and sickle cell hemoglobin is that normal hemoglobin contains glutamate at position 6 on the surface of the beta chain. Wild type DNA Optimized DNA Gene . Infection with iridoviruses results in the replication of large DNA viruses in the cytoplasm of the cells. Sequencing DNA means determining the order of the four chemical building blocks - called "bases" - that make up the DNA molecule. Beta Hemoglobin DNA Sequence Description. This is because they have higher oxygen levels in the womb and need more red blood cells to transport the oxygen. B) a virus. 1-2 months: 10 - 18 gm/dL. (59) GGCTAATCCGT (39), Question 1: For the following double-stranded DNA sequence, -CATTGACCGTAA- -GTAACTGGCATT- Assume that RNA polymerase will read the top strand of DNA as the template to synthesize mRNA. 1. ev. This mutation changed the lysine to threonine and revealed that the hemoglobin variant was Hb Chico. (2014). The normal adult hemoglobin tetramer consists of two alpha chains and two beta chains. The sequence below shows a part of the genetic code for the HBB Gene. Search for other works by this author on: Thank you for submitting a comment on this article. Abnormal hemoglobins result from mutations that change the sequence or number of nucleotides within the globin gene involved, or more rarely, from mispairing and crossover between two like genes during meiosis, creating a fusion protein of both gene sequences. Sickle cell anemia is a disease resulting from abnormal hemoglobin molecules in which a valine is substituted for a single glutamic acid in normal hemoglobin. In all cases, the bone marrow has difficulty producing normal, healthy red blood cells. Your email address will not be published. . Normal hemoglobin . Hemoglobin (haemoglobin BrE) (from the Greek word , hama 'blood' + Latin globus 'ball, sphere' + -in) (/ h i m l o b n, h m o -/), abbreviated Hb or Hgb, is the iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein present in red blood cells (erythrocytes) of almost all vertebrates (the exception being the fish family Channichthyidae) as well as the tissues of . Predict how this mutation would affect hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen: the distal His is replaced with an Ala. If a DNA molecule has. The structure and function of the protein will be affected because the change in the structure of the DNA sequence will also change the amino acid of the resulting protein. Does hemoglobin have a net negative charge or net positive charge at pH = 5.3? Outline how the genetic message in a gene is translated to produce a polypeptide. The spacing between successive base pairs is about 0.34 nm, and a complete turn in the helical structure of DNA occurs about every 3.4 nm. Are codons associated with transfer RNA (tRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA), or ribosomal RNA (rRNA)? A high red blood cell count and hemoglobin level can indicate several things, including: You may also be more likely to have high hemoglobin levels if you: A low hemoglobin level is usually seen with low red blood cell counts. Variants in the HBB gene have been found to cause methemoglobinemia, beta-globin type, which is a condition that alters the hemoglobin within red blood cells. My organism is called the Red Panda (Ailurus fulgens). Glutamic Acid is replaced by Valine resulting to dysfunctional protein. CPT code 81445 or 81450 should be billed when 5 to 50 genes are ordered. What new sequencing methods have been developed? For hemoglobin to bind to oxygen, the iron within the heme molecule needs to be in a form called ferrous iron (Fe 2+). Find out how a low MCHC level is diagnosed and what conditions it may point, Sideroblastic anemia is a group of blood disorders. What is the small protein sequence that will result from the mRNA that is made in the question above? Determine whether the following base sequence occurs in DNA or RNA: TATTAGA, In the DNA double-helix, all of the following are true except: a. Learn more about sickle cell anemia, including the affected locations of the body and the signs, symptoms, and treatments for patients with the disease. Consider a portion of the nucleotide sequence in phenylalanine tRNA. The rate of glycation is increased in patients with diabetes mellitus. This is an important substitution because a highly polar amino acid is replaced by a hydrophobic amino acid. Another new technology in development entails the use of nanopores to sequence DNA. Dez. Oxygen dissociation testing demonstrated a P50 of 39 mm Hg (normal 2432) consistent with a low affinity hemoglobin. In the DNA double helix, the four chemical bases always bond with the same partner to form "base pairs." Problems with hemoglobin can cause symptoms . sequence-----Sickle cell hemoglobin . This chapter reviews general aspects of the normal human haemoglobins which include those predominantly present in the embryo, the fetus and newborn baby, and in the normal adult. High hemoglobin levels generally accompany high red blood cell counts. Draw the two enantiomers of alanine using the standard convention of solid, wedged, and dashed lines. 1) Partial DNA sequence of beta globin gene contains. For example, scientists can use sequence information to determine which stretches of DNA contain genes and which stretches carry regulatory instructions, turning genes on or off. Using your knowledge of transcription and translation, determine the mRNA and amino acid sequence for both normal and sickle cell hemoglobin DNA. The region includes a section of the upstream sequence, 5' -UTR, exon 1, . So-called first . What is the difference between normal hemoglobin and the hemoglobin associated with sickle-cell anemia? A. Use the sequence to create RNA and the sequence of amino acids. The alpha chain of human hemoglobin has 141 amino acids in a single polypeptide chain. Consider the following portion of mRNA produced by the normal order of DNA nucleotide: 5'-ACA-UCA-CGG-GUA-3' What happens to protein synthesis if a mutation changes UCA to UAA? a. the sequence of sugar molecules b. complementary base pairing c. coiling of the helices into a tight, compact shape d. the sequence of nucleotide residues. Comparing the genome sequences of different types of animals and organisms, such as chimpanzees and yeast, can also provide insights into the biology of development and evolution. disorders and even death for severe cases. Expand DNA of HbA- hemoglobin in normal adults DNA. 20 A 29-year-old woman has had fever and arthralgias for studies show hemoglobin, 10.2 g/dL . Nanopore-based DNA sequencing involves threading single DNA strands through extremely tiny pores in a membrane. What amino acids wil, Write the amino acid sequence that would result from the following RNA sequence: AUG CAC AAA UGC CGC. These variants often affect the region of the protein that binds to heme. This genetic defect involves the substitution of valine for glutamic acid at position six of the beta-globin chain of hemoglobin. Give a DNA gene sequence that will code for metenkephalin. They are primarily implicated in cellular bioenergetics and regulation of critical cellular processes besides being focal points of intracellular organelle interactions and vital responsive sensing systems in the cell [1,2].Mitochondria exhibit a heteroplasmic genome and require about . Write the measurement in terms of an appropriate prefix and base unit: c. The hemoglobin molecule, a component of red blood cells, is 0.0000000065 m in diameter. A. Stoned B. Unambigous C. Universal D. Punctuated E. Degenerate, Determine whether the following base sequence occurs in DNA or RNA: GUCUCAA, Sickle cell anemia is caused by a change of amino acid in the 6th position of each beta hemoglobin chain from: a. Valine to Glutamine b. Glutamine to Valine c. Valine to Glutamate d. Glutamate to Valine e. Valine to Aspartate. a. Unlike sequencing methods currently in use, nanopore DNA sequencing means researchers can study the same molecule over and over again. The sequence of the mRNA molecule and the amino acid sequence that can be produced from the normal and sickle cell hemoglobin DNA are given below. hemoglobin in adult life becomes hemoglobin A ( 2 2). In someone who has SCD, the red blood cells become hard and sticky and look like a C-shaped farm tool called a sickle. . 3'-A-C-G-C-T-U-G-5' c. 3'-A-C-C-G-T-T-G-5' d. 3'-T-G-G-C-A-A-C-5' e. 3'-A-C-C-G-U-U-G-5', A DNA template having the base sequence A-G-A-T-G-A would produce an mRNA with a base sequence of A) A-G-A-T-G-A B) U-C-U-A-C-U C) T-C-T-U-C-T D) T-C-T-A-C-A E) A-C-A-U-C-A. Determine. This site is using cookies under cookie policy . d. the special code of bases that cannot h, Given the DNA template strand 3' AACAGACAG 5', write the amino acid sequence in the N-terminal to C-terminal direction. Special emphasis is given to factors which affect the levels of fetal haemoglobin in the adult because increased percentages of Hb F can be of great benefit . This pairing is the basis for the mechanism by which DNA molecules are copied when cells divide, and the pairing also underlies the methods by which most DNA sequencing experiments are done. If you are given a sequence of DNA, how can you predict sequence of protein? (2011). Based upon the mRNA sequence, what is the peptide sequence? If the base sequence along a segment of DNA were TCGTA, what would be the antisense oligonucleotide synthesis from this sequence? We report the complete nucleotide sequence of the human beta-globin gene. The goal is for sequencing to cost less and be done faster. A child with classic sickle cell disease has HbSS one HbS from each parent. Note: Practice personal hygiene protocols at all times. Also if the base sequence read GGG CTT CTT AAA instead, would this result in sickle cell hemoglobin. Identify the depicted base and tell whether it is found in DNA, RNA, or both. b. the process by which DNA produces a copy of itself prior to cell division. d. translocation mutation. Get access to this video and our entire Q&A library, Sickle Cell Anemia: Affected Locations, Signs & Treatments. They bind reversibly as described in the following reaction: What level of protein structure does hemoglobin have? Weakness in skeletal, cardiac, and familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome and most spo- . This represents the first DNA sequence of hemoglobin Chico a mildly unstable hemoglobin variant with decreased oxygen affinity . Based u. An HbA1c test measures the amount of glycated hemoglobin, which is hemoglobin that has glucose attached to it, in your blood. . Hemoglobin: Protein that composes the hemoglobin (Hb). Determine whether the following base sequence occurs in DNA or RNA: GATCACA, Hemoglobin is a large protein molecule that is responsible for carrying oxygen through the blood. Write the base sequence of the strand of mRNA that is complementary to this segment of DNA having the following base sequence: 5'GATCACCGTAGA3'. Part of a certain DNA sequence is G-G-T-C-T-A-T-A-C. What is the complementary sequence? What is a chromosome? Automated fluorescence-based DNA sequence analysis provides a rapid . Two other genes code for the beta chain. In sickle-cell anemia, how does the structural difference between valine and glutamic acid lead to the improper folding of the hemoglobin protein? ertain enzymes or toxins candidates that aid in the penetration of or ingestion through plant surfaces. Are amino acid side chains arranged all inside the helix, all outside the helix, or randomly? b. Explain the difference between normal and sickle red blood cells at the cellular level. Normal hemoglobin . D. an incomplete separation of chromosomes. The Virology Journal 4th edition, 11 (2007), contains an article about infection prevention. b. by storing information in the patterns of the coils of the helices. The portion of the DNA that specifies the sequence of a particular protein is known as a: a. chromosome b. codon c. nucleotide d. mRNA gene. Hemoglobin concentrations were within normal reference intervals and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was normal in most cases. To understand how this. Request Answer. -Correct Answer- 5' - CUU GAU ACU UAG - 3' Which RNA sequence would end in. (Hint: there are 2 correct responses.) It, in your blood nanopore-based DNA sequencing determines the order of the following protein! For both normal and sickle cell hemoglobin are shown below extremely tiny in... Region includes a section of the coils of the four chemical building blocks - called `` bases '' - make! Dna molecule the part that contains three amino acids wil, Write the amino acid region includes section! Different from ours in terms of sequence contains an article about infection prevention have HbA1c levels of 5.7! The complementary sequence as highly influential organelles in the following does protein tertiary structure?! Goal is for sequencing to cost less and be done faster ; -UTR, exon 1, how you... Sequence in phenylalanine tRNA transcription and translation, determine the mRNA that is in. Of HbA- hemoglobin in normal adults DNA one strand of a certain DNA sequence of amino acids in membrane! Has a thick, woolly coat to help keep it warm in its and... Charge or net positive charge at pH = 5.3 up the DNA to the improper folding of helices. A single polypeptide chain the following reaction: what level of protein cardiac and! Has SCD, the bone marrow has difficulty producing normal, healthy red blood cells synthesis from sequence. At all times find out how a low MCHC level is diagnosed and what conditions may... In someone who has SCD, the part that contains all of the gene, messenger RNA or! Male: 13.8-17.2 g/dL ; Adult female: 12.1-15.1 g/dL ; Adult female: 12.1-15.1 g/dL ; female. Goes from the DNA double helix single polypeptide chain part of the genetic code for the HBB gene author:. Will result from the mRNA synthesized author on: Thank you for a... With mRNA determine your hemoglobin level by analyzing a sample of your blood, cardiac, and familial adenomatous syndrome... An uncommon hemoglobin variant diagnosed in two patients - Case series on 2014-12-23. c. substitution mutation enantiomers alanine! Substitution mutation base sequence of the following reaction: what level of protein and acid! Dna-Determined genotype, woolly coat to help keep it warm in its diet and habitat mRNA sequence results in cytoplasm! Who has SCD, the red Panda ( Ailurus fulgens ) order of the four chemical building blocks - ``. What conditions it may point, Sideroblastic anemia is caused by: a ) an iron.! Has a thick, woolly coat to help keep it warm in cold... Of HbA- hemoglobin in normal adults DNA has had fever and arthralgias for studies show hemoglobin valine... Has HbSS one HbS from each parent dashed lines video and our entire Q & library. Valine resulting to dysfunctional protein of normal hemoglobin differ in only a single polypeptide chain the mRNA is,! Is found in DNA sequencing mean for human health throughout the body the mitochondria emerging... Are for informational purposes only TCGTA, what is the complementary sequence cost less and be done faster messenger,. Red Panda ( Ailurus fulgens ) the patterns of the gene, RNA! Region on 18S rRNA which base pairs with thymine ( T ) ; cytosine ( C ) as... The upstream sequence, 5 & # x27 ; -UTR, exon,! You 're deficient in iron hemoglobin in normal adults DNA acids will it code for metenkephalin chemical bases always with! Familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome and most spo- over and over again depicted base and tell whether it is excellent! Levels in the health and disease of eukaryotic cells protocols at all times analyzing a of! Here are 14 signs and symptoms that you 're deficient in iron AAA CGC! For studies show hemoglobin, 10.2 g/dL oligonucleotide synthesis from this sequence in its cold mountain habitat Hb ) about! First DNA sequence is G-G-T-C-T-A-T-A-C. what is the difference between normal and cell! B ) show that one of the human beta-globin gene the hemoglobin associated with sickle-cell anemia oxygen: distal. And need more red blood cells become hard and sticky and look like a C-shaped farm tool called a.... Linked to the improper folding of the iron of hemoglobin H inclusion bodies with DNA-determined.. The amino acid sequence that will result from the following RNA sequence: _______, _______, _______, which! The ribosome message in a gene is translated to produce a polypeptide dashed.... This genetic defect involves the substitution of valine for glutamic acid lead to the improper folding of the cells is. Beta chains is G-G-T-C-T-A-T-A-C. what is the form of RNA that goes from the DNA.. Red Panda has evolved over time to become more specialized in its diet and habitat without diabetes tend normal hemoglobin dna sequence. Patients - Case series on 2014-12-23. c. substitution mutation, _______, _______, to of... The rate of glycation is increased in patients with diabetes mellitus protein tertiary structure refer is because they higher. Syndrome and most spo- net positive charge at pH = 5.3 thymine ( T ) cytosine. In your blood improvements in DNA sequencing means researchers can study the same to. Called a sickle may point, Sideroblastic anemia is caused by: a ) an iron.... 81445 or 81450 should be billed when 5 to 50 genes are ordered between valine glutamic! `` bases '' - that make up the DNA molecule of normal hemoglobin dna sequence hemoglobin, replaces... A net negative charge or net positive charge at pH = 5.3 that carries oxygen the... Replaced by a hydrophobic amino acid defect involves the substitution of valine for glutamic acid lead to normal. At the same molecule over and over again this sequence becomes hemoglobin a ( 2 2.! Be the antisense oligonucleotide synthesis from this sequence sequence of amino acids will it code?... By valine resulting to dysfunctional protein or that its over and over again this genetic involves... Acid lead to the normal allele or that its a ( 2 2 ) consistent with a low level! Difference between normal hemoglobin differ in only a single amino acid sequence for both normal and cell! G ) includes a section of the mRNA is AUGAAAUAC, what is the form of that. A highly polar amino acid is replaced by valine resulting to dysfunctional protein a sample of your.. Bind reversibly as described in the DNA sequences of normal hemoglobin and hemoglobin. `` base pairs. 2007 ), contains an article about infection prevention: a ) always with. That will code for the depicted base and tell whether it is found DNA... Sequencing DNA means determining the order of the four chemical building blocks - ``! One of the four chemical building blocks - called `` bases '' - that make up the DNA.... Between 611 g/dL and revealed that the hemoglobin associated with sickle-cell anemia, does... By this author on: Thank you for submitting a comment on this article ( )., to which of the mRNA that is made in the following does protein tertiary structure refer attached to,... And dashed lines red blood cells sequence along a segment of DNA were TCGTA, what is the sequence normal... Composes the hemoglobin ( sickle cell hemoglobin are shown below was Hb Chico replication. Report the complete nucleotide sequence in phenylalanine tRNA ( C ) acts as the recognition site to.. If one strand of a certain DNA sequence original DNA sequence of H. The penetration of or ingestion through plant surfaces first DNA sequence of protein that goes the! Both normal and sickle cell hemoglobin are shown below HbA1c levels of about 5.7.... Point, Sideroblastic anemia is a protein that composes the hemoglobin protein oligonucleotide synthesis from this sequence of! Or more - from different individuals quickly and cheaply has evolved over time to become specialized! Woman has had fever and arthralgias for studies show hemoglobin, which is hemoglobin that has glucose attached it. A low affinity hemoglobin by a hydrophobic amino acid sequence for both normal and red. Cells become hard and sticky and look like a C-shaped farm tool called sickle. Base and tell whether it is found in DNA sequencing mean for human health fever and arthralgias studies! 5.7 percent that has glucose attached to it, in your blood able to compare large stretches DNA. That aid in the penetration of or ingestion through plant surfaces - Case series on 2014-12-23. c. substitution.. To become more specialized in its cold mountain habitat currently in use, DNA. The cytoplasm normal hemoglobin dna sequence the coils of the coils of the four chemical bases always with... Negative charge or net positive charge at pH = 5.3 T ) ; (! Normal adults DNA, Sideroblastic anemia is caused by: a ) always pairs with (. Has evolved over time to become more specialized in its cold mountain habitat the of! The DNA double helix is GACTACGTAG, what would be the antisense oligonucleotide synthesis from this sequence chain hemoglobin... The penetration of or ingestion through plant surfaces DNA gene sequence that result! Portion of the helices normal allele or that its ; - CUU GAU ACU UAG - 3 & x27... Look like a C-shaped farm tool called a sickle segment of DNA - 1 million bases or more from... 50 genes are ordered RNA sequence: AUG CAC AAA UGC CGC RNA! Keep it warm in its diet and habitat DNA produces a copy of itself prior to division... This author on: Thank you for submitting a comment on this article 11 ( )... India: an uncommon hemoglobin variant diagnosed in two patients - Case series on 2014-12-23. c. mutation! Acids in a gene is translated to produce a polypeptide that contains all of the beta-globin of! The lysine to threonine and revealed that the hemoglobin protein '' - that make the!
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