ROBERT: This final thought. Because I have an appointment. So I don't have an issue with that. Me first. Because I have an appointment. SUZANNE SIMARD: It'll go, "Ick. So it's predicting something to arrive. So this is our plant dropper. Today, Robert drags Jad along on a parade for the surprising feats of brainless plants. LATIF: It's like a bank? ROBERT: But the drop was just shocking and sudden enough for the little plant to ROBERT: Do its reflex defense thing. No, I guess that I feel kind of good to say this. Radiolab - Smarty Plants. Apparently she built some sort of apparatus. ROBERT: A little while back, I had a rather boisterous conversation with these two guys. It's time -- time for us to go and lie down on the soft forest floor. Hopefully I tied that into cannabis well enough to not get removed. No. This is the plant and pipe mystery. And therefore she might, in the end, see something that no one else would see. They're switched on. "I'm in the neighborhood. Was it possible that maybe the plants correctly responded by not opening, because something really mad was happening around it and it's like, "This place is not safe.". She's not gonna use hot water because you don't want to cook your plants, you know? Well, maybe. 2016. I wanted to talk to them because, as building inspectors they -- there's something they see over and over and over. And again. So -- so carbon will move from that dying tree. It was like, Oh, I might disturb my plants!" ROBERT: And I met a plant biologist who's gonna lead that parade. And does it change my place in the world? 0:00. It's kind of like a cold glass sitting on your desk, and there's always a puddle at the bottom. Wait a second. Then we actually had to run four months of trials to make sure that, you know, that what we were seeing was not one pea doing it or two peas, but it was actually a majority. JAD: That apparently -- jury's still out -- are going to make me rethink my stance on plants. ROBERT: So let's go to the first. Jigs emerged. And his idea was to see if he could condition these dogs to associate that food would be coming from the sound of a bell. Playing via SpotifyPlaying via YouTube Playback options Listening on Switch Spotify device Open in Spotify Web Player On one side, instead of the pipe with water, she attaches an MP3 player with a little speaker playing a recording of And then on the other side, Monica has another MP3 player with a speaker. And then I needed to -- the difficulty I guess, of the experiment was to find something that will be quite irrelevant and really meant nothing to the plant to start with. We dropped. I'm 84. ROBERT: They're father and son. ALVIN UBELL: You have to understand that the cold water pipe causes even a small amount of water to condense on the pipe itself. JENNIFER FRAZER: The fungi needs sugar to build their bodies, the same way that we use our food to build our bodies. ROBERT: What's its job? And then all the other ones go in the same direction. ], [JENNIFER FRAZER: My name is Jennifer Frazer. There's not a leak in the glass. Yeah. ROBERT: So we strapped in our mimosa plant. Now, can you -- can you imagine what we did wrong? More information about Sloan at www.sloan.org]. Landing very comfortably onto a padded base made of foam. ANNIE MCEWEN: What was your reaction when you saw this happen? That's okay. Like, they don't have ears or a brain or anything like, they couldn't hear like we hear. JENNIFER FRAZER: Finally, one time he did not bring the meat, but he rang the bell. And moved around, but always matched in the same way together. It just kept curling. I don't know why you have problems with this. ROBERT: When you go into a forest, you see a tree, a tall tree. PETER LANDGREN: Look at that. But it was originally done with -- with a dog. Along with a home-inspection duo, a science writer, and some enterprising scientists at Princeton University, we turn our brain-centered worldview on its head through a series of clever experiments that show plants doing things we never would've imagined. When you go into a forest, you see a tree, a tall tree. LATIF: It's like Snow White and The Seven Tubes or something. That's what she says. The idea was to drop them again just to see, like, the difference between the first time you learn something and the next time. I was, like, floored. [laughs] When I write a blog post, my posts that get the least traffic guaranteed are the plant posts. That apparently -- jury's still out -- are going to make me rethink my stance on plants. Instead of eating the fungus, it turns out the fungus ate them. Let him talk. ROBERT: Give it to the new -- well, that's what she saying. Fan, light, lean. So I don't have a problem. I think you can be open-minded but still objective. SUZANNE SIMARD: They can't photosynthesize. So maybe the root hairs, which are always found right at the growing tips of plant roots, maybe plant roots are like little ears. In my brain. ROBERT: Peering down at the plants under the red glow of her headlamp. JAD: This -- this actually happened to me. So then at one point, when you only play the bell for the dog, or you, you know, play the fan for the plant, we know now for the dogs, the dogs is expecting. ROBERT: Begins with a woman. And then what happens? It's a costly process for this plant, but ROBERT: She figured out they weren't tired. ROBERT: So if a beetle were to invade the forest, the trees tell the next tree over, "Here come the --" like Paul Revere, sort of? So if a beetle were to invade the forest, the trees tell the next tree over, "Here come the --" like Paul Revere, sort of? And why would -- why would the fungi want to make this network? Same as the Pavlov. They don't do well in warm temperatures and their needles turn all sickly yellow. Well, it depends on who you ask. So we're really -- like this is -- we're really at the very beginning of this. This is Ashley Harding from St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada. I mean, it's just -- it's reacting to things and there's a series of mechanical behaviors inside the plant that are just bending it in the direction. We dropped. And so we, you know, we've identified these as kind of like hubs in the network. Every one of them. ROBERT: A tree needs something else. ROBERT: But after five days, she found that 80% of the time, the plants went -- or maybe chose -- to head toward the dry pipe that has water in it. It's now the Wood Wide Web? All right, that's it, I think. Well, people have been measuring this in different forests and ecosystems around the world, and the estimate is anywhere from 20 to 80 percent will go into the ground. JAD: Wait. All in all, turns out one tree was connected to 47 other trees all around it. It was done by radiolab, called "smarty plants". But over the next two decades, we did experiment after experiment after experiment that verified that story. You have to understand that the cold water pipe causes even a small amount of water to condense on the pipe itself. SUZANNE SIMARD: And so I designed this experiment to figure that out. That's okay. It's like, no, no, I don't do that. Science writer Jen Frazer gave us the kind of the standard story. ROBERT: After three days of this training regime, it is now time to test the plants with just the fan, no light. ROBERT: That is correct. ROBERT: We, as you know, built your elevator. I mean, you've heard that. JENNIFER FRAZER: So there's these little insects that lives in the soil, these just adorable little creatures called springtails. Jun 3, 2019 - In our Animal Minds episode, we met a group of divers who rescued a humpback whale, then shared a really incredible moment.a moment in which the divers are convinced that the whale . MONICA GAGLIANO: Would the plant do the same? Like, the tree was, like, already doing that stuff by itself, but it's the fungus that's doing that stuff? But they do have root hairs. It's yours." You give me -- like, I want wind, birds, chipmunks JAD: Like, I'm not, like, your sound puppet here. ROBERT: She says the tree can only suck up what it needs through these -- mostly through the teeny tips of its roots, and that's not enough bandwidth. And I met a plant biologist who's gonna lead that parade. WHRO is Hampton Roads' local NPR / PBS Station. Science writer Jen Frazer gave us kind of the standard story. JENNIFER FRAZER: I do find it magical. JAD: Couldn't it just be an entirely different interpretation here? ROBERT: The plants would always grow towards the light. Ring, meat, eat. And we were able to map the network. Gebel. She's not gonna use hot water because you don't want to cook your plants, you know? These sensitive hairs he argues, would probably be able to feel that tiny difference. SUZANNE SIMARD: Well, when I was a kid, my family spent every summer in the forest. So maybe the root hairs, which are always found right at the growing tips of plant roots, maybe plant roots are like little ears. This is Roy Halling, researcher specializing in fungi at the New York Botanical Garden. LINCOLN TAIZ: Yes. say they're very curious, but want to see these experiments repeated. Read about Smarty Plants by Radiolab and see the artwork, lyrics and similar artists. ROBERT: These sensitive hairs he argues, would probably be able to feel that tiny difference. SUZANNE SIMARD: And we were able to map the network. So today we have a triptych of experiments about plants. ROBERT: And that's where the fungus comes in. Like, the plant is hunting? ROBERT: To try to calculate how much springtail nitrogen is traveling back to the tree. JAD: Where would the -- a little plant even store a memory? MONICA GAGLIANO: The idea was to drop them again just to see, like, the difference between the first time you learn something and the next time. I mean, it's -- like, when a plant bends toward sunlight. And then someone has to count. No question there. ], [ROY HALLING: With help from Alexandra Leigh Young, Jackson Roach and Charu Sinha. That was my reaction. ROBERT: She determined that you can pick a little computer fan and blow it on a pea plant for pretty much ever and the pea plant would be utterly indifferent to the whole thing. I mean, can you remember what you were doing a month ago? ROBERT: And the salivation equivalent was the tilt of the plant? They look just like mining tunnels. Imagine towering trees to your left and to your right. If she's going to do this experiment, most likely she's going to use cold water. ROBERT: So that voice belongs to Aatish Bhatia, who is with Princeton University's Council on Science and Technology. So that's where these -- the scientists from Princeton come in: Peter, Sharon and Aatish. And the classic case of this is if you go back a few centuries ago, someone noticed that plants have sex. MONICA GAGLIANO: Picasso, enough of that now. ALVIN UBELL: Testing one, two. I'm just trying to make sure I understand, because I realize that none of these conversations are actually spoken. The plants would always grow towards the light. So they might remember even for a much longer time than 28 days. I'm not gonna tell you. ROBERT: And she was willing to entertain the possibility that plants can do something like hear. ], This is Jennifer Frazer, and I'm a freelance science writer and blogger of The Artful Amoeba at Scientific American. MONICA GAGLIANO: So after the first few, the plants already realized that that was not necessary. So you're like a metaphor cop with a melty heart. ROBERT: And so now we're down there. But the Ubells have noticed that even if a tree is 10 or 20, 30 yards away from the water pipe, for some reason the tree roots creep with uncanny regularity straight toward the water pipe. I know -- I know you -- I know you don't. ROBERT: This is very like if you had a little helmet with a light on it. Exactly. In the little springtail bodies there were little tubes growing inside them. So you just did what Pavlov did to a plant. JAD: That is cool. 37:51. The fungus is hunting. JENNIFER FRAZER: Anyone who's ever had a plant in a window knows that. You have to understand that the cold water pipe causes even a small amount of water to condense on the pipe itself. What was your reaction when you saw this happen? They can also send warning signals through the fungus. Exactly. ROBERT: So you're like a metaphor cop with a melty heart. 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