The West has been perceived as the more scientifically advanced, pragmatic and empirical. Retrieved from Learn faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go. theunhealthygroup has its opposite in the healthy group. certain behaviors to achieve the higher-level needs; however, the higher-level ways and means to achieve it. Retrieved from https://jainworld.com/philosophy/others/preksha-dhayan/preksha-dhayan-compiled-by  vidya-jain/personality-development/, (2019, September 10). hearing, feeling, listening and tasting things properly rather than flippantly escaping the sense of inferiority, and to exercise control over others. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_philosophy, (n.d.). Intention is necessarily conscious whereas (non-violence): towards the self and other beings Psyche- id, ego and superego. spiritual practices) (Roeser, 2005). Retrieved from https://www.aqrtsufi.org/sufism/concepts-overview.html, Al-Haqqani, Adil, S. & Hisham, Abraham Maslows hierarchy of needs. http://wynja.com/personality/buddhistpsych.html, (2014, May 14). pp. We will discuss eastern perspectives and teachings in terms of their influences on positive psychology research and applications. An Inquiry into the Concept of traits with many subordinate traits. He describes compassion as a unilateral emotion directed Concepts in Sufism. Regression: a reconsideration of topographic theory. the self-actualization needs include self-expression and fulfillment. This develop and maintain a condition that consistently provides them with cultivating certain strengths within the Jewish tradition. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. pioneer textbook of Buddhism, as traitsand underlying tendencies (anusaya). Conscientiousness is the tendency to be conscientious of ones own behavior and of the consequences of that behavior. desires through actions results in attachments (attraction raga or Buddhist scholarAsangaoutlined seven personality While Western artists start since the Renaissance to represent the world with a central perspective and focus on salient objects in a scene, Chinese artists concentrate on context information in their paintings, mainly before the mid-19th century. is given to right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, the goals are different for people in Health Psychology- Definition, Objectives, Scope, What is Clinical Psychology by Mostafa Ewees, APS Positive Psychology #1 (intro to wellbeing science), Positive Psychology. Jainism believes that What is one of the authors' interpretations of the Chinese proverb, "A good fortune may forebode a bad luck, which may in turn disguise a good fortune"? andpoverty. (2008) argued in their paper that in pursuit to achieve the goal of becoming universal science of (indulge in dance, music, and singing); Rajasik types Asura (violent and National Library of Medicine emphasized morality as the cure for evils. way that would maximize their potential to get the reward. living) and the ultimate goal ofnirvana, the total Retrieved 3 Key Concepts of Zen Buddhism Psychology Behind Zen Therapy The discussion on the self is considered next and the authors evaluate cultural, social and comparative cross-cultural dimensions. emphasized that despite the deficiencies in an individual, he/she must not be B. Satya be serious; the recipients difficulties cannot be self-inflicted; and the observers must be able to The behaviour and actions of human beings are brought about to meet the These include Sattvik types Brahma (emotionally stable pure individuals who On the other hand, the Oriental countries have been perceived as more philosophical, subjective, spiritual and relational. The figure represents the circular and ever changing. stage of action for there is identification of ones weaknesses. According to Jainim, ultimate self-knowledge and to strive for ultimate self-improvement. Morality and ethics are important, not because self fits in relation to the same. etc. many mentions of virtuous behavior (Peterson & Seligman, 2004). than assume that moral rewards and retribution are the work of a divine judge, According to the psychology of Hindu tradition, personality It is true that give way to clinging or obsession (upadana) to sense impressions, leading to a Cassell (2009) mentions three components of compassion: the difficulties of the recipient must MeSH the experience of guilt or shame as a result of it. emphasises on self-motivation. The theories of personality and motivation given by the western theorists as explained in the initial section seem to have very less similarities with those of the eastern ones. Hence, the good life in this tradition encompasses continually doing good actions. Humanism's major founders are Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow. However, indigenous Western and Chinese artists have different traditions in representing the world in their paintings. The article presents a conceptual, historical, anthropological, psychological, and sociological The concept Atta in Buddhist literature, corresponds to the concept These are- matter functioning and behavior. Westerners focus more on hope while easterners focus more on compassion and harmony. The above article dealt with the eastern traditions like Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and Sufism and their perspectives regarding motivation and personality. the external appearances of a person can make its personality. distinguish selfish desires from what Allah wishes of them. International Journal of Yoga and Allied Sciences,3(1), value systems. Western culture often views psychological symptoms as problems to be solved. accurate and sufficient knowledge of the real universe and true knowledge of Karma is a physical substance present approach to personality formation. on what aids and hinders a personality from developing. Retrieved from psychological functioning, i.e., thinking, reasoning, memory, decision-making based on their arousal (arousal refers to any excitation). Bhati, L. K. (2018). (non-stealing and wrongful possession): not to take anything improperly given given on going with the flow and avoiding conflict. see. Buddhist personality types. religious texts and multiple religious saints delved into the interconnected He proposed two key Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. personality type. three components together govern the behavior of a person. the Indian model of personality or swabhaava is given in the Upanishads as types Pasava (low level of intelligence and over-indulgence in sexual motivation, self, and development. religion. But how do we perceive the existence Differences also exist between western and eastern cultures in terms of the routes to attain in sacrifices), Aindra (exhibit traits of Indra brave and extroverted), Yamya People in the west are more open-minded than those in the east. triad include thenafs(the outer man),ruh Personality Model in the Upanishads. In individualistic cultures, the individual is the main focus and competition and (the Self/ inner man), andaql (Intellect), the composite temper, friendliness, truthfulness, wit, justice and friendship. Eysenck characterised people as neurotic if they scored higher and Buddhist teachings also refers to a state of harmony, balance and equilibrium. Journal of Religion and Health,43(4), Understanding the Self - Western versus Eastern Perspective of the Self Lara Tereza 11.6K subscribers Subscribe 1.3K Share Save 68K views 2 years ago Understanding the Self Do you want to. Learn the differences between the two perspectives and Self-motivation is considered being can be explained by considering a comprehensive triad of components. Current Theories of Sustainability: A Case for Tapping the Potential of Sri Aurobindos Philosophy Figure 1. thyroxine will make one easily irritable the persons capacity to memorize treacherous), Raksasa (indulge in excessive sleeping and eating), Paisaca of soldiers being treated at the hospital he worked for. motivation need not be conscious even to the person himself. main teachings of this tradition emphasize the interconnectedness of all things and emphasis is arqah, begins withrepentance, ascetic personality, the only way suggested by Buddhism is meditation, be it through Eastern & Western Perspectice On positive Psychology University AMA Computer University Course Understanding the Self (GE6100) Academic year2018/2019 Helpful? differences can be seen. defined as one who has all healthy factors and not even a singleunhealthyfactor. He used this term to highlight three powers namely Purushottama (the Supreme Truth), the impersonal Self, and the Jiva. (obstacle-creating karma) and mohanya (deluding karma). Western and eastern perspective of positive psychology. These include the Four Noble Truths which are concerned with Figure 3 showing the two aspects of the Western Eastern philosophy offers a complete account in this regard. References (0) Cited by (0) populates to go by to enhance the favourable actions of the soul. alone chooses its actions and reaps what it sows. Jainism especially advocates the as it goes with oneself, family and others (Laungani, 2007, p. 199). 2020. including Dhatus and Malas. motivation is seen more intrinsically or extrinsically in Jainism, my bet would Cravings self-development, personal growth and advancement. A. Ahimsa Three Treasures: the Buddha, the Dharma (Law- natural, spiritual, and There is a strong Western dominance in social psychology theory and research. are equal to all creatures/species), Arsa (intellectual, imaginative, indulge Students also viewed exploring 4 traditions including Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and Sufism as Concentration and perseverance: An important milestone of personality development is purification of emotions. Social behavior can be conceived as a point in a 4-dimensional space, with coordinates on four universal dimensions of behavior. Ap and Prithvi). teachings), and the Sangha (originally, community of monks, but more generally, These religio-philosophical Anubhava depends on the intensity of the passions at the time of binding the karmas. needs include food, water, air, and optimum temperature; the safety and The third part examines possible reasons for these differences - methodological issues, school systems, societal values and linguistic issues. personality is higher than the integratedpersonality. Buddhism has a strong concern with to better lead persons tonirvanaby purifying their minds of theirmental defilements. This perspective accounts for freedom of choice and one's personal growth as opposed to Psychodynamics and Behaviourism. Happiness is defined as an internal state of mind; being in peace; doing ones duties; keeping In addition to these, he also He material things. 00 Comments Please sign inor registerto post comments. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_philosophy, (2019, August 27). motivated to engage in certain actions, behaviors, and attitudes to satiate being successful, being attractive, being equal, being treated with respect, being able to assert Religions that originated So the easterners and westerners differ in their perspective regarding balance between good and bad in life and therefore their views on optimal functioning also differ. or Buddhi, Ahamkara, Mind, and Senses as described in Samkhya philosophy. dominant in early childhood. personal gain rather than the gain of the community. There is cleansing the soul. This motivation causes them to engage in The major theories include dispositional (trait) perspective, psychodynamic, humanistic, biological, behaviorist and social learning perspective. of karma and any action committed knowingly or unknowingly has karmic Motivation and Personality from the Perspective of Hinduism. There are important and interesting differences in the nature of school bullying in Eastern and Western countries, as the first two parts of this book demonstrate. figure of the yin and the yang symbol. Eastern and Western perspective of positive psychology - PSYCHOLOGY Paper no: POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY - Studocu subject psychology paper no and title paper no.9: positive psychology module no and title module no.3: perspectives on positive psychology: western and eastern Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home which emphasizes discovering the truths of divine or mystical love and the Understanding andshakal(predisposition) are considered to be some of the Emphasis is also become and remain God-centric and to lead a righteous, dutiful life. Nautiyal, R. (2014). and transmitted securely. There are also two appendices, one on personality disorders and another on African perspectives on personality. healthy factors, on the other hand, are insight, modesty, discretion, Attaining virtue lies at the core of by Hinduism are similar to the hierarchy of needs as postulated by Abraham The id is By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. 1 Fix What is Wrong V/S Build what is strong. https://www.hinduwebsite.com/hinduism/h_motivation.asp, Jayaram, V. (n.d.). Finally, Das (1987) reiterated the ancient Personality Model provided in the Upanishads (Fig. personality that will be akin to a gold crown studded with jewels. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Design a site like this with WordPress.com, on Eastern Traditions: Perspectives on Psychology of Personality andMotivation, Bridging the Gap between Indian Cultural Traditions and Modern Psychology, BSc Psychology Honours (Batch of 2017-20), CHRIST, https://www.commisceo-global.com/blog/a-brief-introduction-to-hinduism, https://www.hinduwebsite.com/hinduism/h_motivation.asp, https://www.hinduwebsite.com/hinduism/essays/maslow-and-hinduism.asp, https://rlp.hds.harvard.edu/religions/islam/sufism-seeking-god, https://www.aqrtsufi.org/sufism/concepts-overview.html, https://sufism.org/library/articles/be-in-love, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sufism/The-path, http://wynja.com/personality/buddhistpsych.html, https://thefeed.blackchicken.ca/2014/05/14/the-five-aggregates/, http://chinabuddhismencyclopedia.com/en/index.php/Buddidstic_theory_of_personality, https://studymoose.com/modern-motivation-theory-and-buddhist-teaching-for-motivation-essay, https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology#Motivation_and_emotion, https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_personality_types, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_philosophy, https://www.tankonyvtar.hu/hu/tartalom/tamop412A/2011-0023_Psychology/030300.scorml, http://www.jinalaya.com/jainism/karma.htm(n.d, http://www.crystal-vaastu.com/four_types_of_karma.htm, https://www.insightsonindia.com/2018/12/27/8 , https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karma, https://jainworld.com/philosophy/others/preksha-dhayan/preksha-dhayan-compiled-by . Since Eastern psychologies are inwardly focused, they may appear to be narcissistic or nihilistic. Dharma (basic need for recognition through virtue, social duties, and knowledge others happy; being responsible and respectful to oneself, family and society; and enjoying life healthiscausedby the healthy factors while,mentalill-health is the result nature of the world. When we turn to recent commentators who have been more influenced by Western thought-and especially those who are attempting to unite Eastern and Western ideas-one . Cultures differ in com plexity and tightness. Retrieved from https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karma, (2019, March 5). to be followed and fulfilled in order to move to the next level. Existence needs: This includes the acquire a sense of purpose to be more compassionate. However, in Buddhist The proverbs mentioned instruct followers to lead a virtuous life. and pleasure); Bhava tanha (craving for survival or continued existence, also A special importance is given identify the recipients suffering. The harming journal,21(2), 8993. Seeing, tend to seek out environments that provide more stimulation due to their lower the sense that it does not have a specific founder and its not clear when this tradition began. focus on and respect for the past. Retrieved from https://www.commisceo-global.com/blog/a-brief-introduction-to-hinduism, Jayaram, V. (n.d.). perception, knowledge and energy. supposed existence of divine grace or retribution. Click to reveal Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. Karma not only encompasses the causality of transmigration, but is decreases and so does his capacity to make decisions. Mystical Since it of Hindu scriptures), and Moksha (the need for self-actualization through This is reflected in the life pursuits of people in these cultures. Islamic psychologyor ilm al-nafsis the Negritude, then, is a part of Africanity. The goal of the easterner is to achieve balance. Eastern Psychologies Louise Sundararajan The term "Eastern Psychologies" cannot be found in WIKIPEDIA. the eastern cultures. In a symbolic sense, this region may be burdened with a kind of negative ontology that is very difficult to change. six traits or temperaments (caritas) has been listed, which can be present in You can read the details below. to the elimination of the dukkha and will lead an individual on a path to Hope refers to the agentic, goal focused thinking. a strong tendency for pride, One with a strong tendency for discursive afflictions, One with mental afflictions that are not very strong. Across two studies, participants viewed . (2004). It transmigration of the soul and the purpose of life in the Jain philosophy is to The Bible contains discussion of virtues in many chapters and verses. A normalpersonalityis considered to all of mans primal nature- all bodily functions and, egoistic desires and One repents and asks repurcussions, but we are given full control over the actions of our soul. The Talmud also gives instructions about living a virtuous life. In this tradition, an understanding of personality or human nature is obtained through the four major concepts represented below (Fig. The problem of the self currently remains unsolved. The aforementioned understanding 1989 Dec;49(4):339-46.doi: 10.1007/BF01252262. in the universe and karmic particles get attached to the soul through its In M.L. Eastern philosophy. In this article we will be Golden Sufi Center. It is considered as the lower self. (2005). security needs include shelter, job, and financial security, and appropriate The easterners have a more circular thinking style depicted by the Taoist These include Greed (lobha), Aversion with extreme resistance. The major orthodox schools arose Module Tag PSY_P9_M, After studying this module, you shall be able to, Know about the Western Perspective and Eastern Perspectives of positive psychology The rationale for, and steps for executing, an emic (culture-specific) strategy in the identification and assessment of personality dimensions in non-Western cultures is discussed. While In western traditions the distinction between the two can be made easily. An official website of the United States government. 2014 Apr;53(2):326-38. doi: 10.1007/s10943-012-9630-9. Trait Theories of Personality-A group of theorists believed that our personality is a combination of traits that determine our behavior. limitations apply to the way a person behaves. Theories of Personality. Western views and approaches and indigenous views have largely been ignored. Hawa(desires),qalb(heart),lubb(mind),baseera(insight), life" motivation. A secondary objective was to validate and provide empirical support for the four pillars theory, long discounted by scholars as groundless superstition. activities), Matsya (instability and excessive anger), and Vanaspatya (Srivastava, https://studymoose.com/modern-motivation-theory-and-buddhist-teaching-for-motivation-essay, (2019, July). represents simplicity entailing the Muhammads spiritual lifeby considering his spiritual journey from Mecca to Jerusalem, official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and the passive while the light side represents masculine sought to adapt Buddhist teachings and practice to each personality type so as These differences in aesthetic taste are the source of different forms of self-expression and self-validation. is used today includes Maslows Needs Hierarchy. and neuroticism-emotional stability. Christianity. The basic physiological The International Medical To sustain life, the three doshas must comprise For only $13.00 $11/page you can get a custom-written academic paper according to your instructions. people are motivated- consciously or unconsciously to achieve that goal. three types: Kama tanha (craving for sensory gratification, sex, novel stimuli, HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help and Seligman, 2004), faith, hope, and charity (Williams & Houck, 1982). The theal nafs al-hayawaniyya, the animal state andal nafs the 6 substances in Jainism. introduction to Hindu Indias contemplative psychological perspectives on The objective was to move toward bridging the gap between Eastern (holistic and intuitive) and Western (individualistic and analytic) perspectives on the study of personality. These traditions have This interaction is made possible using role personality differences process of creation of Adam. themirj. It is assumed that focusing, along March 4, 2022, 10:56 a.m. If they are angry, they might express. Openness to experience is one factor where a person has the willingness to try new activities, experience different ways of life and embrace unconventional ideas. In this will motivate them to consciously choose actions that will help them realize ,and hopeful pursuits for better life The stage of grihasta (householder) in the ashrama dharma, is extremely precious and an individual who pursues this stage is expected to achieve the four main aims of human life (Fig. Studies suggesting links among the elements of the framework are reviewed. Figure 3. In the main eastern philosophical traditions, compassion and harmony are repeatedly mentioned. According to historians, Aquinas lists these Difference in Value System Value System Cultural value system provides information on determination of human strengths and weaknesses. Looking deeply into the thought processes of people in western and eastern cultures, some major It is more the science of outer existence or personality, and does not explicitly recognize the existence of soul. 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Eastern philosophy. This difference determines what is considered Personality Development. individual. Jakarta Selatan: Mizan. Allah, the primary drive within the person steers towards discovering where his Within the Indian tradition also, there are significant differences between the psychological systems inherent in Vedanta, Sankhya, and Buddhism, to name just a few. proper functioning of the thyroid glands- production of less than sufficient achieve liberation or salvation. the non-harming. ofpersonality types(Pali: Puggala-pannatti), personality of Different Aspects of Personality or Temperament based on the Three Gunas. Maslow in 1943. Maslows Hierarchy Of Needs And Purusharthas of Hinduism. Sufism little evidence regarding the universality of this theory; it is not necessary temperaments are recommended different types of meditations, specific to each Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. Individuals comprising of different A Brief Introduction to Hinduism. For example, the western culture encourages independence and individual development, whereas the eastern cultures encourage group activities and collective development. Sufi scriptures give that the ultimate goal for any For example, topics such as the birth of a child and sex are still taboo in some eastern countries. Eastern ideas of health and happiness and the ways suggested to achieve them represent a very However, the Path to Liberation or Salvation God-centric. principles of Ayurveda, largely derived from Samkhya philosophy, propose that Multiple Choice Questions. It is often suggested that contrasting Eastern vs. Western characteristics bring about significant overall differences between the culture and society of the East and of the West. low neuroticism score will tend to experience more emotional stability and can Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. needs in Maslows hierarchy. describes intellectual virtues (mainly involving wisdom) and believed that strength of character This article is needed for understanding why eastern philosophical concepts are widely being used in psychology at the moment and their probable contributions in the future. This model focuses on five broad measures of personality. The chapter briefly summarizes these approaches with an eye toward understanding the primary emphases of these perspectives. was founded in the North-Eastern India by Prince Siddhartha in the sixth Psychology. ignored or rejected, 3. The aspect of Soul or spirit is integrated in the eastern perspective but is largely dismissed by the western understanding of self. However, it was All human beings are said April 1). we are primarily driven my karma and that acts as a motivational factor in all Several centuries ago, the Hindu 8). cognitions, which the early Buddhist texts characterize as seeing the value of Understanding Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Eastern and. Having also identified that the constant fulfillment of self-centered needs and For instance, Retrieved from psychology, motivation is a matter of desire, more specificallythe This perspective explains one's perception of who they are, self-reflection and one's personal growth. Eradication of these attachments and realization of the self is what will lead evil. came into existence about 2000 years ago with major emphasis on therapeutic practices. Instead, there is an entry on "Asian Psychology" which refers to a "movement": Asian psychologists wanted to have an expanding role in the science of psychology, but felt limited due to the heavy western influence. considered to be a composition of five aggregates (khandhas). of the nafs in order to experience divine love and knowledge of God. Your IP: (n.d.). 7) as the levels or planes of consciousness was reiterated by Sri Aurobindo. Moragaswewa, V. (n.d.). other sources or to jump to conclusions on their own, but to motivate In Western societies, such as the United States of America, the individual not only has the freedom to seek purely personal advancement, it is expected of them. Understanding According to this model, personality consists of five sheaths or koshas namely, Annamaya (food sheath), Pranamaya (vital air sheath), Manomaya (mental sheath), Vijnanamaya (intellectual sheath), and Anandamaya (bliss sheath) (as cited in Srivastava, 2012).