What were three outcomes of Spanish Exploration? The Europeans enslaved the Native Americans and took most of them back to Europe. Source for information on Spanish Exploration and Colonization: Science and Its Times: Understanding the Social Significance of Scientific Discovery . They also looked west, settling in Brazil. In 1542, de Soto himself died during the expedition. The 15th and 16th centuries have often been labeled the age of exploration, discovery, and expansion. With his faithful sidekick Sancho Panza, Don Quixote leaves reality behind and sets out to revive chivalry by doing battle with what he perceives as the enemies of Spain. The most famous of these Spanish adventurers are Christopher Columbus (who, though Italian himself, explored on behalf of the Spanish monarchs), Hernn Corts, and Francisco Pizarro. The Portuguese built an empire from 1420 onwards that was largely composed of trade centres dotted around the coasts of three continents. When we read them now, we need to take the descriptions with a grain of salt. Such endeavors were accomplished by the conquistadors Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro, who subdued the Aztec and Incan Empires in 1521 and 1533. The Hapsburg dynasty, which ruled a collection of territories including Austria, the Netherlands, Naples, Sicily, and Spain, encouraged and financed the work of painters, sculptors, musicians, architects, and writers, resulting in a blooming of Spanish Renaissance culture. what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration? D. Africans attended Prince Henry's navigation school Which country initiated the era of Atlantic exploration? On June 7, 1494, the governments of Spain and Portugal agreed to the Treaty of Tordesillas, named for the city in Spain in which it was created.The Treaty of Tordesillas neatly divided the " New World " of the Americas between the two superpowers. Why Did Europeans Want a New Route to Asia? - Reference.com Thereafter, Vasco de Gama rounded the horn and actually reached India in 1498, allowing the Portuguese to succeed in their ultimate aim of establishing a direct connection with the spice trade. The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. Henry the navigator was a mapmaker and helped build ships. With his support, Portuguese mariners successfully navigated an eastward route to Africa, establishing a foothold there that became a foundation of their nations trade empire in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. In 1492, they completed the Reconquista: the centuries-long Christian conquest of the Iberian Peninsula. The Spanish also introduced Catholicism into the New World. Finally, they also desired to build an empire and spread Catholicism. Gallery. They also found a sea route to India. Prince Henry the Navigator - Facts, Timeline & Significance - Biography Pizarro began his work by capturing the Incan king and holding him for ransom, the astronomical amount of which flooded the Spanish coiffures and made empire-building more lucrative than it had ever been. what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration? He believed that, using calculations based on other mariners journeys, he could chart a westward route to India, which could be used to expand European trade and spread Christianity. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. The Spanish started the trade of potatoes, pineapples, turkey, dahlias, sunflowers, magnolia, maize, chillies and chocolate across the Atlantic. Although, this conquest took over 30 years to accomplish. Although traditional warfare continued to be a major tool for political control, European countries also grew concerned with gaining economic superiority over their neighbors, their main tool being international trade. The compass rose also told . Negative and Positive Impact of Portuguese Exploration by Seb. After Columbus voyages to the New World, the Portuguese, Spanish, French, Dutch, and English began the active exploration and exploitation of the newly discovered land in the Americas. This two-volume book (1605 and 1618) told a colorful tale of an hidalgo (gentleman) who reads so many tales of chivalry and knighthood that he becomes unable to tell reality from fiction. As they died, new workers were needed. 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However, the reality is far more complex. They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. Today they highlight the difficult task of historical work; while the letters are primary sources, historians need to understand the context and the culture in which the conquistadors, as the Spanish adventurers came to be called, wrote them and distinguish their bias and subjective nature. Columbus' discoveries also shifted the reasons behind Spanish exploration from trade to empire-building and exploration. Ushered in a new age of sustained global contact; world connected through networks of exchange. What impact did the Portuguese have on exploration? The Portuguese continued to focus on building trade networks and establishing a trading post empire without heavy colonization in direct contrast to the Spanish. Test and improve your knowledge of The Age of Discovery & Exploration with fun multiple choice exams you can take online with Study.com. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. Those who survived were strongly influenced by Spanish language, religion, art and architecture. What were the effects of later Spanish exploration? - Short-Fact Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. In short, the actions of the Portuguese and Spanish established a permanent European presence in the New World and set the stage for future conflict and historical movements. The Spanish and Portuguese developed a particular type of ship to trade in the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic. Spanish rulers Ferdinand and Isabella promoted the acquisition of these new lands in order to strengthen and glorify their own empire. Cortes, for example, had friendly relationships with a number of natives, using them to assist in his conquest of the Aztecs, while other conquistadors focused only on subjugation and cruelty. This exchange benefitted Europeans more than Native Americans because Europeans spread smallpox , a deadly disease, to Native Americans when they came into contact with them. A fortified trading post, it had mounted cannons facing out to sea, not inland toward continental Africa; the Portuguese had greater fear of a naval attack from other Europeans than of a land attack from Africans. extensive migration of people from the Western Hemisphere to Europe and Asia. Amy has MA degrees in History, English, and Theology. The bullwhip effect is a term used in supply chain management to describe how minor changes in consumer demand at the retail level can cause significant demand fluctuations upstream toward raw material suppliers. What lands did Spain lay claim to and how did the Portuguese react? In the eighteenth century, a French historian compared Spanish and Portuguese expansion in the New World in the following terms: The conquests of the Portuguese in the New World are not as pleasing on a broad view as the conquests of Mexico and Peru. Spain and Portugal were considered to be the major exponents of The Age of Discovery, stretching from the early 15 th century to mid-17 th century. At the height of the middle ages, the Mongol Empire had kept open borders throughout Asia and into Europe along the Silk Road, allowing spices and other luxury goods to flow freely from the Far East. With the Reconquista complete and Spain a unified country, Ferdinand and Isabella could turn their attention to overseas exploration. In this instance, Cortes actually operated without approval from the Spanish crown or the governor of the Cuban colony because he desired a chance to make his own name and wealth without the credit going to his superiors. Jul 22nd, 2021 Published. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. Elmina Castle on the west coast of Ghana was used as a holding pen for slaves before they were brought across the Atlantic and sold. Treaty of Tordesillas - National Geographic Society Along the way, they discovered plenty of ways to make a profit from their voyages, and pretty soon they were leaders in the gold and slave trades. The Spanish brought horses, guns, and other weaponry with them which frightened the Aztecs. The Spanish established the first European settlements in the Americas, beginning in the Caribbean and, by 1600, extending throughout Central and South America. In 1488, Bartholomeu Dias managed to make his way around the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa. Thus the goals of the Spanish conquest were quite different from the Portuguese. Prince Henry the Navigator | Biography, Influence & Facts, The Development of Monarchical Nation States: the Rise of Power, Bartolome de las Casas: Destruction of the Amerindians, Suleiman the Magnificent of the Ottoman Empire | Biography & Facts, Carolingian Art | Overview, Renaissance & Characteristics. Portuguese sailors continued to make important discoveries in this new arena as well. The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. People were curious, interested, and eager for fresh experiences and observations. How did explorers born in Portugal impact the world? Since the 700s, much of Spain had been under Islamic rule, and King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella I, arch-defenders of the Catholic Church against Islam, were determined to defeat the Muslims in Granada, the last Islamic stronghold in Spain. On October 12, 1492, however, he made landfall on an island in the Bahamas. Indeed, the Renaissance world was looking outward. In time, much of the Atlantic World would become a gargantuan sugar-plantation complex in which Africans labored to produce the highly profitable commodity for European consumers.
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