However, an event occurred, of such a scale, of such involvement of people with controversial interests, of errors and victories, failures and successes. They began to prepare for the possibility of using water from another source, from the Dniester, to supply the city and made all possible efforts to create additional artesian wells. I tried to establish such things that would bring the institute together, like the Kurchatov General Council, the institutes general seminar, and setting up various publications that would, on order, sit on the desks of researchers so that they could quickly get all the news from their field. We dropped dolomite there. Now, with the introduction of all these elements, such as lead, for example, we assessed if there would be lead contamination in the area. By 33 times almost. This share must be maintained in order to develop these energy sources but it cannot be the basis of energy [planning]. And when I visited the Chernobyl station after the accident and saw what was happening there, I myself drew a precise and unequivocal conclusion, that the Chernobyl disaster is an apotheosis, the pinnacle of all the mismanagement that has been carried out for decades in our country. It is possible to safely talk about the programs that are led by Ruteny Mikhailovich Polevoy who established several of them. Then around the 9th of May, we resumed when a flaming spot was sighted while circling the reactor. We decided to translate them to English. They had to evacuate 30,000 people because of this accident. By that time, Legasov was the first deputy director of the Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy. It was partially used in his [TEXT UNAVAILABLE IN SOURCE]. That is why it spreads. That's probably what happened. However, there were such giants, behemoths, experienced people that I thought they would not allow for something unpleasant. Moreover, by that time, the relationship between the science director and the chief designer became, well, quite tense. All this created such problems that it became evident that the shift method, in this case, was certainly not optimal. And in Shymkent in South Kazakhstan, there will definitely be an accident. [7], Excessive hierarchy has always been contraindicated for science, it stifles it. But this is rubbish because all these rods are lowered by the operator; by the automatic system; by pressing a button, etc. I remember how once Lev Petrovich Feoktistov, who had just started working at our institute, attempted to conceptually analyze questions about a more reliable reactor, a more interesting reactor, that would eliminatethis problem was worrying thenthe production of such fissile materials that could be removed from the reactor and used in nuclear weapons. A temperature at which a vapour-zirconium reaction could begin, accompanied by the generation of hydrogen was, in principle, unacceptable, be it routine work or technical conditions. Around 150 wells were constructed, both diagnostic and service wells. This internal contamination had happened because of the ventilation intake. As for the RBMK reactor, you know, in reactor circles, it was considered a bad reactor. I was sort of the proponent of this idea and so I couldnt accept the offer of postgraduate studies and left for Tomsk. This is the main reason for the magnitude of the accident. I'm currently on a mission to shed a light on the hidden tapes of Valery Legasov, one of the heroes of Chernoby; and turn them from Russian forgotten manuscripts to English recordings. Adamovich: [Unclear] you talked about nitrogen. [5] The proposals triggered a significant backlash from the existing scientific leadership. However, the thing that I was able to achieve was to create an expert group that would perform an expert comparison between different types of devices, in terms of their economy, universality and safety. All this taken together was very unpleasant, and at the same time, hardly unique or specific to the nuclear energy industry alone. There were not enough of these devices for everyone who were involved in the work. About the station itself, the history of, construction, its exploitation, I'll talk a little later, so as not to interrupt the. It is about 15-20 years within which all the questions we are discussing here must be resolved. Although not a reactor specialist, he became a key member of the government commission formed to investigate the causes of the disaster and to plan the mitigation of its consequences. But I felt that his approach to the questions of safety was serious. April 26 19 Valery Legasov dictated a tape recorder in. What was this fateful mistake? Anyway, I called the experts with the drawings of the reactor and all the information that could be gathered. "[28] In spring 1987, a vote was held by the Kurchatov Institute to their Scientific-Technical Council with Legasov standing at the insistence of his mentor Anatoly Alexandrov. The article should be based on my papers, comrade Dyomins papers, comrade Novikovs papers, comrade Sukhoruchkins papers, but, nevertheless, these papers must be collated and processed in such a way that an integral philosophy emerges from them. There was a mulberry-coloured or even crimson glow visible above the station, which is opposite of what is usual for a nuclear power station. On the way, I told Shcherbina the story of the accident at Three Mile Island in detail. Adamovich: Did all the graphite there burn out? Please help us share these tapes with the world. These matters were discussed either in reactor units of the Ministry or in the science and technology councils of the respective departments. The evacuation was fast and precise, despite being carried out in unusual conditions. Here I need to pay tribute to comrade Schekalov, the expert from the Institute of Nuclear Energy, and also to the experts from the Ukrainian (Kiev) Institute of Nuclear Research, who made great efforts to find the appropriate paths, put in the necessary sensors, and stretch cables to them. Dip asbestos sacks filled with polyethylene chips into appropriate solutionsthis would produce foamand then use these sacks to close the gaps on the roof of the sarcophagus. He had obtained the necessary permission for it. Although I had not been able to describe the issue in such a way, he did. This is why all these measures were quite sensible. Soon after, the working quarters were organized. But the Institute is huge. Legasov's health had worsened and he often made visits to Moscow Hospital 6 for long term effects of radiation exposure. Then, have a section by Vladimir Fyodorovich Dyomin wherein simply describe the following clearly. The important pipeline had been carelessly quality-assured. This meant that a kind of equilibrium would be achieved: the uranium oxide fuel pellets would melt and stop producing additional radioactive particles. And so if we add liquid nitrogen to the airand we had, very quickly I must say, an entire train of nitrogen brought to usthen that cold air would cool the hot zone better. This is how much they clung to those bloody rods, mechanical, with the help of which And they still cant let go of them, while my proposal for gas-based protection was pushed to sometime in the distant future. Just in case it is useful when you write. Moreover, the designer to this day If the designers of the RBMK reactor or my colleagues from my own institute heard me now, they would tear me to pieces because they think that I dont understand the philosophy of safety. This kind of scientific management of aviation seems right to me. This doesnt mean that the spreading of radioactivity ended. So many discussions were had on this topic, so many surveys, so many measurements, and in the end, it turned out that the main source of contamination was the contamination on the roof of the 3rd block. And here I will speak about Anatoly Petrovich. He was appointed by the Soviet Government to investigate the Chernobyl disaster less than 24 hours after it occurred. This was done by the services of Government Hydro-Metric Commission and by General Pikanows services, as well as the station services. However, for this particular device, as a matter of fact, there were no simulators. On the one hand, it melted and we did find evidence of that. Unfortunately, we came across this sloppiness quite often. At least not at the age that I currently am, just into my fifties. It was considered bad because of economic reasons. Become a patron and make this project possible : https://www.patreon.com/prepperhubAll audiotapes playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLPRaak5gqMIgWF6K7oJPJymhMKvB-LJ_C Tape 1 - Part 1: https://youtu.be/rxmEaK_zzcwTape 1 - Part 2: https://youtu.be/FiCN89A0xHUTape 1 - Part 3: Comming Soon! Collaboration and voice over by Aenigmaticus Youtube channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCGL5nEeM6UW9AkiDd4eTUiw This video has been made possible with he collaboration with Aenigmaticus. G. Alimov interview with Legasov, Izvestia newspaper, 1987. International Nuclear Safety Advisory Group, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Mendeleev Moscow Institute of Chemistry and Technology, State Committee for Science and Technology, Nuclear and radiation accidents and incidents, Midnight in Chernobyl: The Untold Story of the World's Greatest Nuclear Disaster, " , ", "Valery Legasov: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know", "Who was Valery Legasov, the Soviet scientist that saved the world from Chernobyl? But there was no external radiation exposure or any other effect, so to say, on those people that were evacuated. [dictates] Nuclear: Armenian, Leningrad, and Kozloduy, Bulgariathese nuclear power stations that dont have containments. However, this point of view of the experts was not considered. The composition included heads of the main institutions associated with the work around Chernobyl and also leading experts, such as academician Sokolov, academician Mikhalevich and academician Trefilov, who were associated with particular tasks of ecological or technical nature related to the liquidation of the consequences of the accident. There is another definite circumstance to it. But psychologically, somehow, I did not have the means, the strength, the ability to say this to people. I graduated from the Faculty of Physicochemical Engineering of the Moscow Institute of Chemistry and Technology named after Mendeleyev. So his comrade, having arrived to get familiar with the work of this [Chernobyl] station, reported that everything was wrong there. [5][7] Despite lacking information about the state of the reactor, Legasov proposed and managed the effort to extinguish the reactor fire which would otherwise release a massive amount of radiation,[11] although the team was in continual discussions with other scientists by telephone. Valery It was in this way that the first task, that of introducing as many neutron absorbers as we could, was fulfilled. Talk about the various organizations that are involved both on the site and in their offices; about the medical radiology centre that has been created there. And perhaps they should bear criminal responsibility for it. As a result, one project alone, of the three successful projects that cost us 17 million roubles, began to generate an annual income of 114 million roubles.For four years now, the corresponding industry and technology have been working. And this was preventing the creation of acceptable radiation conditions. So that there is an understanding. After the 2nd of May, we stopped the drops for some time. This text is for comrade Novikov Vladimir Mikhailovich, Dyomin Vladimir Fyodorovich and Sukhoruchkin Vladimir Konstantinovich. But this talk of the reactor smouldering, emitting radioactivity in considerable amounts, were so strong that orders were given to manufacture various types of covers for it. Around October 1986, the situation regarding work distribution was very clear. The public was protesting against the continued construction of the 5th and 6th blocks and their entering into service, because they felt that it was too much power, 6 gigawatts, on a single site, especially in abnormal radiation conditions. Maybe only the chief engineer of reactor control sometimes left his chair to carry out some operations. Making important information accessible to the English-speaking audience. Everyone was tense and anxious to get there quickly, to understand what had happened and to discover the scale of the disaster that we had to face. The energy leadership started to regard the importance of this element with great understanding, although without fully realizing the seriousness of this issue themselves. Then, we will need to mention that both during and after the construction of the Novovoronezh NPP, the policy of our government did not attach any particular importance to the development of nuclear energy; because it was believed that by using organic sources of fuelcoal from Donbass, gas from Saratov, and then the oil reserveswe would be able to fulfil all our industrial needs; and that the nuclear energy demonstrated at Obninsk, Beloyarsk and Novovoronezh stations was more in the way of scientific research that prepared us for some future. After I arrived at the institute, they met me, washed me, cleaned me as much as it was possible. I must say that this work was not safe because the pilot had to hover above the reactor, drop a considerably large load, and then leave quickly so as to not get an excessive dose of radiation and most importantly, drop exactly on target. the building of the city party committee, located in the central square of the city. Then Pikalov came with his services. These decisions determined the entire order of organisational work for the rest of the period. At the end of the day, this group of course is made up of intelligent specialists, and maybe everything will fall into place. The scientific part of the team, who were responsible for the correctness of decisions, made these decisions without the support of Moscow, Kiev, or Leningrad. Then we built the Beloyarsk Nuclear Power Station and the Novovoronezh Nuclear Power Station. Legasov: Yes, two or three times we went by these suits. But he was at his dacha, drinking vodka, and was not aware of anything. It is told mainly through the stories of two real-life people Valery Legasov a chemist tasked to lead a. This was very clearly seen in such an exceptional situation. Right now, Im writing a note to Nikolai Ivanovich Ryzhkov, another one, where I say the same thing. Immediately desperate research began, that resulted in proposals on how to deal with the situation and prolong the life of the reactor housing. There were reverse cases as well, when, say, where should have been a wall according to the drawings, in reality, was a doorway. I had very few supporters. This is nuclear and non-nuclear chemistry. At the same time, Shasharin, the First Deputy Minister of Energy, under whom the station was at the time, was at a loss. A number of technological instruments had been replaced with either Swedish or their own, and ours had been taken out of operation. It took away the heat so that the uranium wont melt. When on an even surface but inside strong radiation fields, their electronics, usually the control modules, failed making them inoperable. It seemed to me that this was not a scientific approach to solve the safety-related problems of nuclear energy. It is hard for me to say what is going on there. All this certainly gave an impression of gross neglect, of gross sloppiness towards maintaining documentation, which should be accurate and describe the state of building structures, and walkways, and electrical communications at every moment in time. Its clear that a human is irreplaceable when one has to perform certain complex tasks like a cargo drop or some other operation involving large devices placed on a helicopter. We broke off pieces of facing from one of the buildings and took them from Pripyat to Chernobyl. Sometime around the end of August, September or October, when the city was in a condition which allowed it to be preserved; it was safe to be in this didnt mean that the city could be inhabited normally, but that the city no longer posed any immediate danger was thanks to the armys efforts. There were no new areas that I was responsible for. A large number of construction resources was spent on creating objects that were not related to the field of the department. Although the power plant is called Chernobyl Station, it is situated 18 kilometres away from this regional city. You did not hear what kind of conversations happened with him, [they were] purely operational. And there was a lot of talk about lead poisoning. Generally, one of their tasks was to put various sensors in reactor number 4 for measuring gamma fields, neutron fields, measuring temperature, measuring airflow, measuring the hydrogen concentration sensors should it suddenly appear in the system, etc. I cannot vouch for my memory. And I would very much like to ask to make such a statement that, as of today, we do not have safe nuclear energy, or a concept of safe nuclear energy, or even a concept of a safe nuclear reactor that is completely ready. This is Tape 1, part 2. For the bubbler rooms, the diagnostic elements were inserted through holes drilled into the sidewalls that led to the reactor hall. And it complicated my relationship with the Ministry when I tried to, not very carefully, speak out on this issue. We built the first power plant in Obninsk near Moscow. I took all that I could carry with me and at 4 oclock, I was at the airport. So we made these recon-robots ourselves that, in the most complicated geometrical conditions, in wreckage, in high radiation fields, could advance to practically any distance in a guided manner, and do radiation and thermal reconnaissance of the situation, provide the needed information. So that no one could use it. It didnt take long for a confirmation of the correctness of my understanding of these words. These were small advantages, of course, but nevertheless. In the scientific sphere, I chose a fascinating field for myself which I have already mentionedchemical physics related to creating unusual substances, creating systems that would allow obtaining hydrogen in one way or another, linking places where hydrogen is obtained to nuclear energy generation sites. Do you understand? The first way is to briefly, clearly and plainly explain that, from the very beginning, the Soviet Union did not conceal anything. That was very interesting. And so the main purpose of our actions boiled down to not reaching 2,500 degrees. [1] Bencana Chernobyl [ sunting | sunting sumber] Somehow, irrespective of rank, irrespective of the task at hand, everyone worked like a finely-tuned team, especially in the initial days. It has become clear now that none of the almost 50,000 civilians of Pripyat, that were not at the station after the accident, had received any considerable amount of radiation. You would look at the drawings and see an open corridor. The 1st and 2nd blocks continued to work despite their internal rooms having a relatively high level of contamination which was in the tens or even hundreds of milliroentgens per hour. I tried to set up a safety measures laboratory. The construction of Atommash had begun. According to existing sanitary norms, decisions were taken that set the maximum limits [of radiation exposure] that allowed people to live in areas contaminated by certain isotopes. 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